新冠肺炎疫情下孤独症儿童家长心理弹性水平及影响因素分析  

Analysis of psychological resilience level among parents of ASD children during COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors

作　　者：王露茜 潘施旭 邹明扬 姚梅玲[2] 刘文龙 夏薇 孙彩虹 WANG Lu-xi;PAN Shi-xu;ZOU Ming-yang;YAO Mei-ling;LIU Wen-long;XIA Wei;SUN Cai-hong(Department of Child and Adolescent Health,Public Health College of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150081,China;Center for Child Psychology and Behavior,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052,China;Department of Child Development and Behavior,Women and Children's Hospital,School of Medicine,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361003,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]郑州大学第三附属医院小儿保健科,河南郑州450052 [3]厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院儿童发育行为科,福建厦门361003

出　　处：《哈尔滨医科大学学报》2022年第2期171-176,共6页Journal of Harbin Medical University

基　　金：哈尔滨医科大学研究生创新和实践科研项目(YJSCX2020-71HYD)。

摘　　要：目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)儿童家长心理弹性水平并分析其影响因素。方法 采用立意抽样的方法收集黑龙江、河南、福建3个省份残联定点康复机构和特教学校接受康复训练和教育的3~18岁ASD儿童家长共1 608名作为调查对象。另收集3~18岁正常儿童家长共4 719名作为对照组。通过问卷星网络平台,采用自拟的一般情况调查表、疫情相关问题、心理弹性量表等进行问卷调查。结果 新冠肺炎疫情下ASD儿童家长在坚韧性、力量性、乐观性3个维度得分及心理弹性总分均显著低于正常儿童家长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,家长性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、身体健康状况、疫情期间人际关系变化、运动情况变化、疫情期间的行为与感受均是影响ASD儿童家长心理弹性水平的主要因素(P均<0.05)。结论 新冠肺炎疫情期间,ASD儿童家长心理弹性处于较低水平,是不良心理健康问题的高危人群,应有针对性对其进行心理干预。Objective To understand the psychological resilience of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) during COVID-19 pandemic and analyze associated influencing factors. Methods A total of 1 608 parents of children with ASD aged 3~18 years old who received rehabilitation training and education in designated rehabilitation institutions and special education schools of the Disabled Persons’ Federation of Heilongjiang Province, Henan Province and Fujian Province were selected as objects by using the purposive sampling. A total of 4 719 parents of typically developing children aged 3~18 years old were collected as the control group. The self-designed demographic information, pandemic disease-related issues and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used. Results The parents of children with ASD had lower scores for resilience than parents of typically developing children in terms of both the total score and the score for all three dimensions(P<0.05). The regression analysis showed that gender, age, education level, occupation, health status, relationship change, physical exercise change, dietary change, and behaviors and perceptions during COVID-19 were main influencing factors to ASD children parents(P<0.05). Conclusion The psychological resilience of ASD children’s parents is at a low level, and they might be high-risk groups with psychological health problems during COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, targeted psychological intervention is needed.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 家长 心理弹性 新型冠状病毒肺炎 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]