喷施EM菌剂对小白杏果实发育和品质的影响  

Effects of Spraying EM Bacteria on Fruit Development and Quality of‘Xiaobaixing’Apricot

作　　者：巴哈依丁·吾甫尔[1] 阿布来克·尼牙孜[1] 胡西旦·买买提[1] 周伟权 梁睢[1] 艾尼江·尔斯满 Bahaydin·WUPUR;Abulaike·NIYAZ;Hurxida·MAMAT;ZHOU Weiquan;LIANG Ju;Ghenijan·OSMAN(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Turpan,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan,Xinjiang 838000;2.College of Horticulture and Forestry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;3.Institute of Applied Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000 [2]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第11期31-36,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区杏产业技术体系东疆杏试验站资助项目(XJCYTX-03-07-2021);新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动资助项目。

摘　　要：以小白杏为试材,在展叶期全树喷施200倍和400倍稀释的EM菌液,以喷施清水为对照(CK),研究了果实纵径、横径的定期变化,测定了成熟期的果实品质指标、硬度和色泽指数(L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)),分析色泽综合指标(CCI),评价叶面喷施不同浓度EM菌剂对小白杏果实发育和品质的影响,以期为EM菌剂在杏树生产上的应用提供参考依据。结果表明:400倍EM菌剂处理、200倍EM菌剂处理和CK之间存在显著差异,400倍EM菌剂处理效果明显好于200倍处理和CK。400倍EM菌剂处理的杏果实比200倍和CK提前进入着色期和成熟期,且其果实纵、横径变化上高于其它2个处理。400倍EM菌剂处理的可溶性固形物含量可达23.00%,转化糖含量分别比200倍EM菌剂处理和CK高4.20、4.52个百分点,还原糖含量分别比200倍EM菌剂和CK高1.14、1.34个百分点,干物质含量可达24.31%,糖度可达21.30°Bé,分别比200倍EM菌剂处理和CK提高11.63%、35.66%。综上可知,采用不同浓度的EM菌剂对小白杏进行叶面喷施,可以显著提高单果质量、干物质含量、可溶性固形物含量、转化糖含量、还原糖含量等果实品质。EM菌剂有促进小白杏果实发育并催熟的作用。Taking‘Xiaobaixing’apricot as the test material,the whole tree was sprayed with 200 times and 400 times diluted EM bacteria during the leaf development stage,and sprayed with clear water as the control(CK)was used to study the regularity of the longitudinal and transverse diameter of the fruit.The fruit quality index,firmness and color index(L^(*),a^(*),b^(*))at the mature stage were measured,and the color comprehensive index(CCI)was analyzed,the effects of spraying different concentrations of EM bacteria on the development and quality of‘Xiaobaixing’apricot were evaluated,in order to provide reference for application of EM in apricot production.The results showed that there were significant differences between 400 times EM bacteria treatment,200 times EM bacteria treatment and CK,and the effect of 400 times EM bacteria agent treatment was significantly better than 200 times treatment and CK.The apricot fruits treated with 400 times EM bacteria entered the coloring and maturation stage earlier than those treated with 200 times and CK.The vertical and horizontal diameter changes of the fruits treated with 400 times EM bacteria were higher than those of the other two treatments.The soluble solid content of 400 times EM bacterial agent treatment could reach 23.00%,the invert sugar content was 4.20 percent point and 4.52 percent point higher than 200 times EM bacteria treatment and CK respectively,and the reducing sugar content was higher than 200 times EM bacteria and CK respectively 1.14 percent point,1.34 percent point,dry matter content up to 24.31%,sugar content up to 21.30%,11.63%and 35.66%higher than 200 times of EM and CK respectively.To sum up,foliar spraying of‘Xiaobaixing’apricot with different concentrations of EM bacteria could significantly improve fruit quality such as single fruit weight,dry matter content,soluble solids content,invert sugar content,and reducing sugar content.EM bacteria could promote the development and ripening of‘Xiaobaixing’apricot.

关 键 词：EM菌剂 小白杏 果实发育 品质 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]