海口和三亚两城市破碎化林地中鸟类群落多样性与嵌套分布格局  

Species diversity and nestedness of bird assemblages in the forest fragments of Haikou and Sanya cities

作　　者：田璐嘉 杨小波[1] 李东海[1] 李龙 陈琳 梁彩群 张培春 李晨笛 Lujia Tian;Xiaobo Yang;Donghai Li;Long Li;Lin Chen;Caiqun Liang;Peichun Zhang;Chendi Li(School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第6期88-98,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760170)。

摘　　要：城市化是生物多样性快速丧失的主要原因之一。鸟类作为城市生态系统的重要组成部分,其生物多样性格局和物种保护已成为城市生态学研究的热点。为揭示城市化过程中城区和郊区破碎化林地中鸟类群落的多样性差异和嵌套格局,本研究于2021年春、夏季鸟类繁殖期采用样线法对海口和三亚市的城区、郊区共13个林地斑块中的鸟类群落进行调查。使用NODF(nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)和WNODF(weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)方法进行嵌套格局分析。研究发现:(1)共记录到林鸟100种,隶属于11目39科,其中三亚郊区的鸟类丰富度最高,共8目29科68种。记录到国家重点保护鸟类共18种,其中两城市郊区的国家重点保护鸟类物种数均多于城区,海口郊区还记录到国家I级重点保护鸟类黄胸鹀(Emberiza aureola)。(2)鸟类群落多度、物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在不同区域中均存在差异。海口城区的鸟类群落多度显著高于海口郊区(P<0.05),三亚郊区的鸟类群落物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于三亚城区和海口郊区(P<0.05)。(3)嵌套分析结果表明,海口和三亚市的城区、郊区林地鸟类群落均呈现反嵌套分布格局。线性回归分析显示,三亚市城区和郊区的斑块面积与鸟类物种丰富度呈显著正相关,而物种丰富度与斑块距最近大面积林地的距离之间无显著相关性。研究表明,两城市鸟类群落多样性都表现出郊区高于城区的特点,少数优势种(如白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis)占据了城市中的主要生态位。受城市化的影响,海口郊区与城区鸟类群落有同质化的趋势。鸟类在城区和郊区斑块间的高流动性、种间竞争和斑块中资源的可利用性等因素可能导致斑块间鸟类群落的反嵌套分布格局。我们建议应加强城区�Aims:Urbanization is one of the main causes of the rapid loss of biodiversity.Urban birds are an important part of the urban ecosystem,and their biodiversity patterns as well as species conservation have become the hotspots of urban ecology research.This study aims to reveal the diversity and nestedness of bird communities on the fragmented woodlots in urban and suburb areas,so as to provide data support for the protection of bird diversity in urban ecosystems.Methods:We surveyed the diversity of birds on 13 urban and suburb woodlots of Haikou and Sanya cities.We used line-transect method and sampled the birds during two breeding seasons(spring and summer)of 2021.We analyzed the nestedness of the bird communities by using the NODF(nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill)and WNODF(weighted nestedness metric based on overlap and decreasing fill).We used linear modelling to examine the relationships between the species richness and patch characteristics(area,the distance to the nearest larger woodlot).Results:(1)We recorded 100 forest birds in total,which belong to 11 orders and 39 families.The species richness was higher in Sanya suburb,with 68 forest birds belonging to 8 orders and 29 families.We recorded 18 species of the national key protected birds and the number of the protected species in suburb were higher than other in urban regions.We recorded the yellow-breasted bunting(e.g.Emberiza aureola)in Haikou suburb,which is the first-class state protection bird in China.(2)There were significant differences in the abundance,species richness,Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of bird assemblages among four regions.The abundance of birds in urban of Haikou was significantly higher than in suburb of Haikou(P<0.05).The species richness,Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of bird assemblages in suburb of Sanya were both significantly higher than in urban of Sanya and suburb of Haikou(P<0.05).(3)The results of nestedness analysis showed that the bird assemblages

关 键 词：城市化 郊区 物种丰富度 嵌套格局 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]