四川卧龙国家级自然保护区三种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位比较  

Temporal and spatial niche differentiation among three alpine Galliformes with sympatric distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province

作　　者：周天祥 杨华林 张贵权 杨建 冯茜 胡强 程跃红 张晋东 王彬[1,5] 周材权 Tianxiang Zhou;Hualin Yang;Guiquan Zhang;Jian Yang;Xi Feng;Qiang Hu;Yuehong Cheng;Jindong Zhang;Bin Wang;Caiquan Zhou(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009;College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park(China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda),Dujiangyan,Sichuan 611830;Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Wenchuan,Sichuan 623006;Institute of Ecology,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,四川南充637009 [2]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [3]大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室(中国大熊猫保护研究中心),四川都江堰611830 [4]四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局,四川汶川623006 [5]西华师范大学生态研究院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第6期99-108,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32000354;42071279);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20193);2022年国家重点生态功能区转移支付禁止开发区补助项目;国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护与自然保护区管理司野生动物保护管理项目和四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC0123)。

摘　　要：高海拔山区气候条件恶劣,资源匮乏,探究同域分布的近缘物种如何利用有限的资源以实现稳定共存,对于了解高山生态系统生物多样性格局的形成和维持机制具有重要意义。鸡形目鸟类飞行能力弱,属于典型的地栖物种,生态位空间相对狭窄,可能面临更高的种间竞争压力。本研究旨在比较几种同域分布的鸡形目鸟类的时空生态位,为了解高山生态系统同域物种的共存机制提供新的研究案例。2020年4-9月,研究人员在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区海拔3,300-4,200m的高山区域进行了野外调查,通过样线法和样方法对鸡形目鸟类群落优势物种绿尾虹雉(Lophophorus lhuysii)、雉鹑(Tetraophasis obscurus)和雪鹑(Lerwalerwa)繁殖期的微生境进行调查,使用红外相机对其活动节律进行监测,并运用核密度估计法从微生境利用和日活动节律两个生态维度进行了种间生态位比较。结果显示,雪鹑在微生境利用和日活动节律上均与其他两个物种存在显著差异。绿尾虹雉与雉鹑在微生境的利用上具有相似偏好;但绿尾虹雉的早活动高峰晚于雉鹑,晚活动高峰早于雉鹑,表现出显著的种间日活动节律差异;然而,整合两个维度后,绿尾虹雉和雉鹑的整体生态位仍然高度重叠,没有显著分化。本研究表明高山鸡形目物种间的生态位分化体现于多个不同的生态维度,并且不同物种之间的分化方式有所差异。在空间和时间生态位上的显著分化使雪鹑与同域物种间的竞争压力相对较小,有利于其实现稳定共存。而绿尾虹雉与雉鹑的整体生态位高度重叠,建议进一步对其食性开展研究,探讨营养生态位上的潜在种间分化。Aims:Generally,mountainous areas in high altitudes have harsh climate conditions and a lack of resources.It is important to understand the formation and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity patterns in alpine ecosystems by exploring how closely related species that are sympatric use limited resources to achieve stable coexistence.Galliformes are typical ground-dwelling species with weak flight and dispersal abilities,and face higher interspecific competition pressure due to relatively narrower niches.Our study aims to compare the temporal and spatial niches of sympatric Galliformes species,and to provide a new case study for understanding the coexistence mechanism of sympatric species in alpine ecosystems.Methods:From April to September 2020,field surveys were conducted in an alpine ecosystem at an altitude of 3,300-4,200 m in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.We used a transect survey design to investigate the microhabitats of the Chinese monal(Lophophorus lhuysii),chestnut-throated partridge(Tetraophasis obscurus),and snow partridge(Lerwa lerwa)who dominate the alpine Galliformes community and monitored their activity by infrared camera traps.Their ecological niches were compared along the two dimensions of microhabitat utilization and daily activity rhythm by using the kernel density estimation method.Results:The results indicated that there were significant differences in both microhabitat utilization and daily activity rhythm between the snow partridge and the other two species.The Chinese monal and chestnut-throated partridge have similar preference in microhabitat utilization;the morning activity peaks of Chinese monal were later than those of chestnut-throated partridge,while its evening activity peaks were earlier than those of chestnut-throated partridge,demonstrating significant interspecific differences in daily activity rhythm;however,their overall niche integrating the two dimensions still highly overlaps without significant differentiation.Conclusion:Our study reveals that niche

关 键 词：同域物种 生态位分化 核密度估计 微生境 日活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]