低社会经济地位与跨期决策:威胁视角下的心理转变机制  

Low Socioeconomic Status and intertemporal choice:The mechanism of“psychological-shift”from the perspective of threat

作　　者：杜棠艳 胡小勇 杨静 李兰玉 王甜甜 DU Tangyan;HU Xiaoyong;YANG Jing;LI Lanyu;WANG Tiantian(Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,西南大学人格与认知教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第8期1894-1904,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：重庆社会科学规划一般项目(2021NDYB089);2020年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项重点(招标)项目(SWU2009206)资助。

摘　　要：大量证据显示低社会经济地位者常做出“短视行为”,如在教育上投资较少、有较多的债务和较少的储蓄等,而这些行为又进一步恶化其不利处境。威胁感知引发心理转变,使得低社会经济地位者将注意力聚焦在与稀缺相关的事情上,并具体地、情境化地对事件进行表征,同时倾向于采取快生命史策略,进而导致短视决策行为发生。未来研究除了更深入地探讨低社会经济地位者行为决策陷阱的多层次多水平路径机制外,应更加广泛而深入地开发出符合我国国情的有效干预方案,使其为实现共同富裕提供科学的心理学路径。People living in low socioeconomic conditions often engage in“short-sighted behavior”.They seem to focus on meeting short-term needs and aspirations rather than long-term benefits and returns,such as investing less in education,saving too little,and borrowing too much.These choices may further deepen their disadvantage and cause them to fall into the trap of“low socioeconomic status-poor decision-making-low socioeconomic status”.The seemingly irrational behavior of people living in low socioeconomic conditions is an adaptive response to a threatening environment.Specifically,the experience of living in low socioeconomic conditions induces a“psychological shift”in response to socioecological cues.At the cognitive level,they focus on things related to scarcity when facing the threat of scarcity.At the level of thinking,they represent events concretely and contextually when facing uncertain threats.At the behavioral strategy level,once the threat cues appear,people who experience low socioeconomic conditions in childhood may notice the threat faster and switch to the fast life history strategy.These psychological shifts lead to the occurrence of“short-sighted behavior”.The future research should develop effective intervention programs in line with China's national conditions,so as to provide scientific psychological paths for realizing common prosperity.

关 键 词：低社会经济地位 跨期决策 威胁 心理转变 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]