高指向性声阵列后向辐射抑制及优化方法  

Design and optimization method of backward radiation suppression for high directivity acoustic array

作　　者：王波 赵治华[1] 陆智淼 胡安琪[1] 张磊[1] Wang Bo;Zhao Zhihua;Lu Zhimiao;Hu Anqi;Zhang Lei(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Pover System,Naral University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学舰船综合电力技术国防科技重点实验室,武汉430033

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2022年第4期302-311,共10页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

摘　　要：按一定几何结构排布的离散声阵列具有能量集中、辐射方向可调、布置灵活等优点。针对声阵列辐射高强度低频声波时定向难度大和后向辐射能量难以屏蔽的问题,提出一种阵列布局及优化方法。利用横向布置的线型阵限制主波束的宽度,给出了指向性的设计准则;通过控制多层线型阵的纵深位置和相位延迟实现了对后向辐射的抑制;最后提出一种改进的遗传模拟退火算法用于优化阵元的横向位置,进一步降低方向图旁瓣。仿真和声场测试结果表明该设计方法可以有效对阵列指向性和后向辐射水平进行控制,设计的纵深相控阵在发射100 Hz声波时前向4 m处的半功率角为21.91°,50°~60°方向上的平均抑制比为8.82 dB,90°~180°方向上的抑制比超过20 dB。Discrete acoustic array arranged in a certain geometric structure takes advantages of energy concentration, adjustable radiation direction, and flexible configuration. An array design and optimization method is proposed to solve the difficulty of controlling orientation direction and backward radiation suppression when the acoustic array radiates high-intensity low-frequency sound waves. Firstly, the horizontally arranged linear array is used to limit the width of the main beam, and the design principle of directivity is analyzed. Then, the vertical position and phase of the multi-layer linear array are controlled, thereby achieving the suppression of backward radiation. Finally, an improved genetic simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to optimize the lateral coordinate of the array element and further improve the performance of the array. Simulation and sound field test results show that the design method can effectively control the directivity and backward radiation level of the array. The test results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. When the designed depth array emits 100 Hz sound waves, the half-power angle is 21.91°. The average radiation suppression ratio in the direction from 50° to 60° is 8.82 dB and the radiation suppression ratio in the direction from 90° to 180° exceeds 20 dB.

关 键 词：纵深相控阵 矢量合成 后向抑制 遗传模拟退火算法 

分 类 号：TH73[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TB51[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]