品种和立地条件对核桃嫁接与新枝生长的影响  

Effects of Different Varieties and Sites on Grafting and New branch Growth of Walnut

作　　者：申建国 郝苑汝 卢璐 杨洲 翟梅枝 SHEN Jian-guo;HAO Yuan-ru;LU Lu;YANG Zhou;ZHAI Mei-zhi(Huanglong Walnut Industry Development Service Center, Huanglong, Shaanxi 715700;College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100;Shaanxi Walnut Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]黄龙县核桃产业开发服务中心,陕西黄龙715700 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院 [3]陕西省核桃工程技术研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2022年第3期53-56,共4页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020NY-039)。

摘　　要：核桃是我国重要的经济树种。中国核桃历来都是实生繁殖,从而导致进入结果期较晚,产量低,品质差,不仅大大降低了核桃的商品价值,而且直接影响到我国核桃在国际市场上的销路与声誉。嫁接繁殖可以有效克服核桃实生繁殖的缺点,实现核桃生产的良种化、区域化和商品化。本文分析研究了接穗品种、立地条件等因素,对接后嫁接成活率、新梢生长量等的影响,结果表明,“包膜、遮荫、舌接”法核桃高接换优新技术能保证较高的成活率,平均成活率为92.5%。‘香玲’‘西林3号’和‘西洛2号’3个品种嫁接后,枝成活率86%~95%,株成活率92%~98%,且山间坡地成活率高于山峪平地;新梢生长初期,坡地生长量大于平地,后期平地生长量大于坡地。As an important economic tree species in China,walnut has always been reproduced by seed propagation,which leads to rather late fructification,low production,poor quality,not only greatly reducing the commercial value of walnut and also imposing a direct impact on our country in the international market,sales and reputation.Grafting can effectively overcome the shortcomings of walnut reproduction through seeds and maintains fine variety breeding for regionalization and commercialization.This paper analyzed the grafting survival rate of new shoot growth based on different varieties and same site conditions and found that the“wrapping,shading,tongue grafting”are the key to ensures ensure of a higher survival rate,with an average survival rate of 92.5%.After grafting,the scion survival rate of different varieties,that is,Xiangling,Xilin No.3 and Xiluo No.2,ranged from 86%to 95%,and the survival rate of plant between 92%~98%.The survival rate of grafting is higher on mountain slopes than at flat ones.The growth increment of trees on sloping land was larger than that on flat land in the early stage of new shoot growth,and vice versa in the late stage.

关 键 词：核桃 嫁接 立地条件 成活率 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]