Global evolution of Equidae and Gomphotheriidae from South America  

作　　者：JoséL.PRADO María T.ALBERDI 

机构地区：[1]INCUAPA,CONICET-UNICEN,National University of Central Buenos Aires Province,Olavarría,Argentina [2]Department of Paleobiology,Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales,CSIC,Madrid,Spain

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2014年第4期434-443,共10页整合动物学（英文版）

基　　金：We wish to express our thanks to Maria Rita Palom­bo for inviting us to collaborate in this volume.We thank Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales and 2 anonymous re­viewers for their valuable comments.Dan Rafuse and Stefan Gabriel revised the English text.This work has been made possible thanks to Research Project DG­ICYT CGL2010-19116/BOS and AECID Projects A/023681/09 and A/030111/10,Spain;The contribu­tion of the National University of Central Buenos Aires Province and Grants ANPCYT PICT 11-0561.

摘　　要：The contemporary South American mammalian communities were determined by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene.Horses and gomphotheres were 2 very conspicuous groups of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene.The present study compiles updated data on the phylogeny,systematics and ecology of both groups in South America.The horses in South America are represented by 2 genera,Hippidion and Equus,as are the gomphotheres,represented by Cuvieronius and Stegomastodon.Both genera of horses include small(Hippidi­on devillei,H.saldiasi,E.andium and E.insulatus)and large forms(Equus neogeus and H.principale),which dispersed into South America using 2 different routes.The possible model for this dispersion indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor,while larger horses dispersed through the eastern route and through some coastal areas.In the case of gomphotheres,Cuvieronius and Stegomastodon reached South America in 2 inde­pendent dispersal events,and Cuvieronius dispersed across the Andean corridor,while large Stegomastodon spread along the eastern route.Horses and gomphotheres present values ofδ^(13)C from woodlands to C4 grass­lands.Hippidion present lower values ofδ^(13)C than Equus in the late Pleistocene,whereas the gomphotheres di­verge from value ofδ^(18)O,reflecting that Cuvieronius inhabited the Andean corridor and Stegomastodon dis­persed through eastern plains.The gomphothere and horse species recorded in South America became extinct around the time that humans arrived.

关 键 词：EQUIDAE Gomphotheriidae PLIO-PLEISTOCENE South America 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]