德国鸢尾茎基腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性分析  

Identification and characterization of the pathogen causing stem rot of bearded iris Iris germanica

作　　者：董文志 许凤[2] 杨秀梅[2] 汤东生[1] 张艺萍[2] Dong Wenzhi;Xu Feng;Yang Xiumei;Tang Dongsheng;Zhang Yiping(State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan,College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,Yunnan Province,China;Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture,Flower Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院花卉研究所,云南省花卉育种重点实验室,国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心,昆明650205

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第3期917-926,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家花卉产业体系昆明综合试验站项目(CARS-23-G56);云南省重点新产品开发专项(2016BB009);绿色食品种牌打造科技支撑行动(花卉)专项(530000210000000013742)。

摘　　要：为明确德国鸢尾Iris germanica茎基腐病病原菌及其生物学特性,利用组织分离法对采自云南省的感茎基腐病德国鸢尾样品进行分离和纯化,通过形态学特征和ITS、TUB2、EF-1α多基因序列分析对其进行鉴定,采用室内离体和活体接种法测定其致病性,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,从25份发病德国鸢尾植株样本中分离得到15株菌株,依据形态学特征和显微观察,发现其中6株菌株形态特征一致,另外9株菌株形态特征一致,从中各选1株代表菌株YWMZ1、YWJB3进行接种后出现叶片萎蔫,茎基部腐烂,发病症状与田间一致。经形态学特征观察、多基因序列分析、致病性测定最终将代表菌株YWMZ1鉴定为木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti,菌株YWJB3鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌F.oxysporum。2株菌株菌丝最适培养温度均为25℃;菌株YWMZ1和YWJB3最适pH分别为5和7;2株菌株在5种碳源和氮源上均可生长,其中菌株YWMZ1最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,YWJB3最适碳源为蔗糖,2株菌株均以硝酸钾为最适氮源;菌株YWMZ1和YWJB3最适光照条件分别为连续光照和12 h明暗交替。In order to clarify the pathogen of bearded iris,Iris germanica,and its biological characteristics,fungal strains were isolated from the stem rot samples of bearded iris collected from Yunnan and purified by the method of tissues isolation.Selected strains were identified morphologically and via phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS,TUB2,EF-1αsequence analysis,and their pathogenicity was tested using in vitro and in vivo inoculation methods;the biological characteristics of pathogen were also determined.The results showed that 15 fungal strains were isolated from 25 infected plant samples.Among them,six strains had the same morphological characteristics,and the other nine strains had the same morphological characteristics.After inoculation with randomly selected two strains YWMZ1 and YWJB3,bearded iris plants developed symptoms of leaves wilt,and stem base rot,consistent with those in the field.Strain YWMZ1 was identified as Fusarium equiseti and YWJB3 as F.oxysporum.The optimum temperature for mycelium growth of these strains was 25℃,and the optimum pH for YWMZ1 and YWJB3 were 5 and 7,respectively.The two pathogens could grow on five carbon and nitrogen sources,of which the optimal carbon source for YWMZ1 was soluble starch,the optimal carbon source for YWJB3 was sucrose,and potassium nitrate was the optimal nitrogen source for both pathogens.The optimum light conditions for YWMZ1 and YWJB3 were continuous light and 12 h light dark alternation,respectively.

关 键 词：德国鸢尾 茎基腐病 病原菌鉴定 镰刀菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.8[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]