平台外包经营中的用工责任分配--基于“算法管理”的“相应责任”厘定  

The Allocation of Work-engagement Responsibilities in Platform Outsourcing Business--Defining"Corresponding Responsibilities"Based on"Algorithm Management"

作　　者：田野 TIAN Ye

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第8期16-32,共17页Political Science and Law

基　　金：最高人民法院2021年度司法研究重大课题“平台经济模式下从业者与平台经营者法律关系问题研究”(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202109-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《关于维护新就业形态劳动者劳动保障权益的指导意见》规定平台企业对从业者遭受的损害负“相应责任”,对此存在不同的解读。“算法管理”是数智时代平台用工新业态的核心特质,对“相应责任”的定位应以算法管理为中心,以劳动三分法为法律关系架构。围绕算法管理权及其配置,平台企业和外包企业之间结成一个相互协作的用工共同体,应依据角色分工共同负担用工责任。其中,外包企业对从业者进行直接的劳动管理,应负首要的用工责任;平台企业基于算法管理对从业者仍保有一定程度的控制,大概率成立不完全劳动关系,应负与之相应的补充责任。补充责任的具体范围,则应以平台企业实际行使的算法管理权的大小为边界。外包合作协议中对用工责任分配的约定不能对抗从业者,但在平台企业和外包企业内部有效。平台企业对外包企业原则上享有追偿权。The Guidelines On New Forms of Taking Jobs stipulates that platform enterprises shall bear corresponding responsibilities for the damage suffered by workers,and regarding this,there are different explanations and understandings."Algorithm Management"is the core characteristic of the new form of platform-based work-engagement in the digital intelligence era,thus the"corresponding responsibilities"should be defined by taking algorithm management as the center and the labor trichotomy as the legal relationship framework.Based on algorithm management right and its allocation,the platform enterprises and outsourced enterprises form a cooperative work-engagement community and should jointly bear the work-engagement responsibilities according to their respective roles.That is to say,the outsourced enterprises,which conduct direct labor management of workers,shall bear the primary work-engagement responsibility;the platform enterprises,which retain a certain degree of control of workers based on algorithm management and probably do not form employment relationship with workers,shall bear corresponding supplementary responsibilities.The specific scope of supplementary responsibilities should be delineated according to the boundary of the algorithm management power actually exercised by the platform enterprises.The agreement on the allocation of work-engagement responsibilities in the outsourcing cooperation contracts notbinding upon workers,although it is effective between the platform enterprises and outsourced enterprises.The platform enterprises have the right of recourse against outsourced enterprises in principle.

关 键 词：平台外包 用工责任分配 算法管理 劳动“三分法” 相应责任 

分 类 号：DF47[政治法律—民商法学]