论法院合宪性预审机制的建构--激活《立法法》第99条第1款研究  

On the Establishment of the Court’s Constitutional Pre-review Mechanism--A Study on Activating Paragraph 1 of Article 99 of the Legislation Law

作　　者：朱姗姗 ZHU Shanshan

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《政治与法律》2022年第8期96-107,共12页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目“落实中央对香港特别行政区监督权实施机制研究”(项目编号:21cfx014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《立法法》第99条第1款明确赋予最高人民法院提起合宪性审查要求权。但在实践中,最高人民法院从未行使过这一权力,重要原因之一就是合宪性预审机制缺失。为激活该条款,发挥最高人民法院的作用,建议构建法院合宪性预审机制。其具体内容包括:第一,受理法院对当事人提出的合宪性审查诉求按相关性、新颖性、严肃性标准进行初步审查;第二,对符合要求的诉求应移送最高人民法院,由最高人民法院运用合宪性推定的方法重点审查“严肃性”,并作出是否提请的裁定;第三,形成最高人民法院向全国人大常委会提请的机制;第四,建立保障当事人申请权的救济机制。Paragraph 1 of Article 99 of the Legislation Law explicitly grants the Supreme People’s Court the power to request a constitutional review.However,the Supreme People’s Court has never exercised this power in practice.One of the important reasons is the absence of the constitutional prereview mechanism.In order to activate this paragraph and give the play of the Supreme People’s Court,it is necessary to establish the court’s constitutional pre-review mechanism.It specifically includes:(1)The case-filing court conducts a preliminary review of the constitutional review claim made by the party according to the criteria of relevance,novelty and seriousness;(2)The claim meeting the requirements shall be transferred to the Supreme People’s Court,which shall use the method of presumption of constitutionality to focus its review on the"seriousness"and make a ruling on whether to submit a request;(3)The mechanism for the Supreme People’s Court to make a submission to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress should be formed;(4)The remedy mechanism for guaranteeing the party’s right of application should be established.

关 键 词：合宪性预审权 合宪性审查要求权 合宪性预审机制 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]