复合型同音同义词语的形成途径及关系特征  

Chinese compounded homophonous synonyms:The development and their relations

作　　者：张博[1] ZHANG Bo

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语国际教育研究院,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第4期401-412,510,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语文本可读性测评和分级的跨学科研究”(17ZDA305);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,20PT01)资助。

摘　　要：复合型同音同义词语指含相同构词成分、语音相同且意义和用法也基本相同的复合词和固定短语。经考察,这类同义词语主要经由“音近趋同”“音近混同”“同音替换”三种途径形成,受到语音联想和完形加工的共同作用。同义化路径不同的词语在理据性、同义度、组合关系、语体分布及使用频度等方面显现出不同的关系特征。通过形成途径观察同义词关系特征的研究视角,有利于丰富同义词发展规律的理论知识,树立同义关系的动态观,为语言规范和语文词典处理相关问题提供指导和依据。Compounded homophonous synonyms(CHSs)refer to two compounds or fixed phrases that share similar constituents,identical pronunciation and almost the same meaning and function.This study suggests that,motivated by phonetic association and gestalt processing,Chinese CHSs can occur via three ways:proximate-phone convergence,proximate-phone confusion,and homophone substitution.These different paths demonstrate different relations between the synonyms on aspects including semantic motivation,degree of semantic similarity,syntagmatic relation,linguistic register,and frequency of use.The investigation of relations between synonyms via their paths of development serves as a new methodological perspective.It would enrich theoretical understandings of the formation of synonyms,create a dynamic view on the examination of synonymous relations,and provide guidance and reasons for the treatment of synonyms on language standardization and the compiling of dictionaries.

关 键 词：同义词 复合词 音近趋同 音近混同 同音替换 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]