清华简《摄命》篇“劼姪[必卩]摄”训释的再讨论  

A reconsideration of jiezhibishe(劼姪[必卩]摄)in the Qinghua bamboo slips of Sheming(摄命)

作　　者：黄德宽 HUANG Dekuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心,北京

出　　处：《中国语文》2022年第4期413-426,510,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助项目“清华大学藏战国竹简文本整理”(G1401)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清华简《摄命》是一篇新发现的重要的西周册命类佚文。简文开篇“劼姪[必卩]摄”的训释,直接关系到该篇文献的理解和史料价值的揭示,是一个关键性难点。《摄命》公布以来,学术界对此句多有讨论,但至今未能形成一致的认识。文章对“劼姪[必卩]摄”句法结构和语义进行分析后指出:该句与金文册命之辞的语言表达习惯一致,是一个名词性非主谓结构;“姪”与“摄”是同指关系,“劼”和“[必卩]”是其修饰成分;“劼”“[必卩]”是同义词,表示“勤勉、敬慎”之义。文章还对传世和出土文献中使用“劼”“[必卩](毖)”的有关语料进行了辨析。The Qinghua bamboo slips of Sheming(摄命)contain a newly discovered valuable text of the Western Zhou Dynasty.The interpretation of jiezhibishe(劼姪[必卩]摄)at the beginning of the text is significant for the understanding of the whole literature as well as its historical value.Although many studies have been done on this sentence,no consensus has been reached so far.This paper analyzes it from syntactic and semantic perspectives and proposes that,jiezhibishe is in consistent with the language habits attested in bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty.It is a nominal structure composed of two paralleled nouns zhi and she.The jie and bi are synonymous modifiers of zhi and she respectively which indicate“diligent,humble and prudent”.

关 键 词：摄命 疑难词 姪 劼[必卩](毖) 语言学方法 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H131[历史地理—历史学]