人类生殖系基因编辑的技术风险及其伦理反思  

Technical Risks of Human Germline Gene Editing and Its Ethical Reflections

作　　者：肖妤 XIAO Yu(Research Institute of Philosophy&Culture,The Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu 610071,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院哲学与文化研究所,四川成都610071

出　　处：《系统科学学报》2022年第2期75-80,共6页Chinese Journal of Systems Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人类生殖细胞/胚胎基因编辑的伦理风险及社会规则研究”(18XZX005)。

摘　　要：生殖系基因编辑技术在治疗和预防疾病领域显示出巨大的潜能,同时也可能导致人类基因组的遗传性改变。本文认为目前的证据不足以证明其技术风险必然大于获益,并指出从系统思维角度看,为了维护尊严,人类更不能轻易放弃自主权和个人利益。但生育自由和自由主义的优生学背后的长期安全风险、被操控的后代们,都将对生殖系基因编辑提出伦理质疑。最后我们反思:如果未来基因编辑被允许用于人类增强,未来人可能被贴上“可替代的人”的基因标记,也永远不存在最好的生育时机,因为未来总是被基因编辑的更强大,这将导致人类本性的转变。基于辩证系统思维,我们应理性权衡风险和获益,只有科学进步与人文价值、道德伦理协同协调,自然科学才能在人类社会的文明进程中形成正向价值,从根本上促进社会价值观和有益的科学进步融合共生。Germline gene editing technology shows great potential in the field of disease treatment and prevention,and may also leads to genetic changes in the human genome.The current evidence does not show that the technology risks necessarily outweigh the benefits.From the perspective of system thinking,in order to respect for human dignity,we can’t give up easily,either individual autonomy or personal interests.However,behind the procreative liberty and liberal eugenics,the long-term security risks and the“designer”babies will raise more ethical questions about germline gene editing.Finally,we reflect;if germline gene editing is allowed to be used for human enhancement,people may be labeled as“replaceable people”,it would never be the right moment to conceive children because waiting would always allow one to provide one’s children with better genes,which concern its implications for our understanding of human nature.So,from the perspective of dialectical system thinking,we need to weigh the risks and benefits.Only when scientific progress is coordinated with human values and moral ethics can natural science form a positive energy value in the progress of human civilization,and finally promote the integration and symbiosis of social values and beneficial scientific progress.

关 键 词：生殖系基因编辑 技术风险 人的尊严 生育自由 人类增强 伦理 

分 类 号：N949[自然科学总论—系统科学]