我国劳工标准对接CPTPP规则的挑战与举措  

Challenges and measures of China’s labor standards connecting with CPTPP rules

作　　者：刘小鸽 Liu Xiaoge

机构地区：[1]国务院发展研究中心

出　　处：《全球化》2022年第4期85-92,134,135,共10页Globalization

摘　　要：对于在自贸协定中是否纳入以及以何种形式纳入劳工标准,特别是在发生劳工争议时是否具有可诉性,是否适用争端解决机制以及相应的惩罚性贸易制裁措施,不同国家之间存在较大争议。CPTPP关于劳工标准的规定延续了美国的惯常做法,将劳工问题条款纳入主协议,并以强制惩罚措施作为保障。我国以往签订的自贸协议正文中并未纳入劳工标准,与CPTPP要求相比,我国现行劳工标准还面临一系列挑战。主要表现在:我国的工会制度安排与CPTPP要求不一致,仍存在与劳动教养性质相关的法律内容,关于禁止歧视的立法方式缺乏弹性,职业安全与卫生方面仍存在差距等。对接CPTPP劳工标准,我国应加强对CPTPP劳工标准的分析研究,立足我国发展实际,按照分类施策、先行试点的方法开展对接工作,不断提高我国劳工权益保护水平。Regarding whether and in what form labor standards are included in free trade agreements,especially whether they are actionable in the event of labor disputes,whether dispute settlement mechanisms are applicable,and corresponding punitive trade sanctions,there is considerable controversy among different countries.The CPTPP’s provisions on labor standards continue the usual practice in the United States,incorporating labor issues clauses into the master agreement and guaranteeing mandatory punitive measures.Labor standards have not been included in the text of FTAs China has signed in the past,compared with the CPTPP requirements,China’s current labor standards still face a series of challenges,mainly in:China’s labor union system arrangements are inconsistent with the CPTPP requirements,there are still legal contents related to the nature of reeducation through labor,legislation on the prohibition of discrimination is inflexible and there are still gaps in occupational safety and health.Connecting with CPTPP labor standards,China should strengthen the analysis and research on CPTPP labor standards;connecting the CPTPP labor standards,it must be based on the actual development of China,carry out connecting work in accordance with the method of implementing classified policies and pilot projects,and continuously improve the protection level of labor rights and interests in China.

关 键 词：CPTPP 劳工标准 劳工保护 贸易政策 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济]