全球粮食安全及其治理:发展进程、现实挑战和转型策略  

Global Food Security and Its Governance: Development Process, Practical Challenges and Transformation Strategies

作　　者：李先德[1] 孙致陆[1] 赵玉菡 LI Xiande;SUN Zhilu;ZHAO Yuhan

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2022年第6期2-22,共21页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目“‘一带一路’背景下研究中国和中亚农业合作的方式路径和策略”(编号:71961147001);中国农业科学院科技创新工程“国际农业经济与贸易”(编号:10-IAED-04-2022,10-IAED-ZD-02-2022);国家自然科学基金青年项目“贸易开放背景下世界主粮贸易演进机理及中国对策——基于社会网络的视角”(编号:71703157)的资助。

摘　　要：本文分析了近年来全球粮食安全及其治理的发展进程和现实挑战,并在此基础上提出了全球粮食安全治理转型策略。研究表明,面对农业污染、粮食损失与浪费、粮食供应链变化、气候变化等多重挑战,全球粮食安全形势在经历长时间持续改善后出现了逆转,2015年起不断恶化,如果不尽快采取行动,全球将难以实现到2030年消除饥饿的目标。联合国在全球粮食安全治理体系中发挥领导作用;在世界粮食安全委员会等多利益相关方平台支持下,联合国粮食及农业组织等国际粮农机构,与二十国集团等多边及区域合作平台或机制开展广泛合作,推动制定了涵盖食物权、土地权属、农业投资等粮农领域重要议题的一系列全球治理规则。但全球粮食安全治理还存在不同治理主体和机制之间缺乏协调、缺乏改革动力、缺乏监督与问责等问题。为了构建更高效、更有韧性、更包容、更可持续的粮食系统和促进实现可持续发展目标,需要改革全球粮食安全治理机制,推动治理规则落实与新议题磋商,完善国际粮食援助制度与全球粮食安全监测评价机制,构建更加开放包容的全球合作伙伴关系,加强国家和区域多边合作机制建设。This article analyzes the development process and practical challenges of global food security governance in recent years and proposes the transformation strategies of global food security governance. The study shows that, in the face of multiple challenges, such as agricultural pollution, food loss and waste, changes in food supply chains and climate change, the global food security situation has reversed after a long period of continuous improvement. It has been deteriorating since 2015. Without action as soon as possible, it will be difficult to achieve the target of eradicating hunger by 2030. The United Nations play a leading role in the system of global food security governance. With the support of multi-stakeholder platforms such as the Committee on World Food Security(CFS), international food and agriculture institutions such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) have carried out extensive cooperation with multilateral and regional cooperation platforms or mechanisms such as the G20 to promote the formulation of a series of global governance rules covering important issues in the field of food and agriculture, such as food rights, land tenure, and agricultural investment. However, there are still some problems in the current global food security governance, such as a lack of coordination between different governance entities and mechanisms, a lack of reform momentum and a lack of supervision and accountability. In order to build a more efficient, resilient, inclusive and sustainable food systems and promote the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), it is of great importance to fine-tune the global food security governance mechanism, promote the implementation of governance rules and consultations on new issues,improve the international food aid system, build a more open and inclusive global partnership, and strengthen the construction of national and regional multilateral cooperation mechanisms.

关 键 词：粮食安全 全球粮食安全治理 国际规则 粮食系统 

分 类 号：F310[经济管理—产业经济]