厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾的运动特性及输移机理  

MOVEMENT,SETTLEMENT,AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE PLASTICS IN THE XIAMEN BAY

作　　者：宁德志[1] 袁泽林 潘钟 陈丽芬[1] 张崇伟 马嘉骏 NING De-Zhi;YUAN Ze-Lin;PAN Zhong;CHEN Li-Fen;ZHANG Chong-Wei;MA Jia-Jun(State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116033,China;Laboratory of Marine Chemistry&Environmental Monitoring Technology,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116033 [2]自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋化学与环境监测技术实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2022年第4期838-851,共14页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金联合基金计划,2021-KF-16-0号;大连理工大学基本科研业务费,1102/82232019号;自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费项目,HE01-190702号。

摘　　要：作为新型海洋污染物,海洋塑料垃圾入海通量计算过程中涉及的源汇过程、迁移途径、输运过程等尚未完全清楚,需进一步研究完善。以工业高速发展的厦门湾为研究对象,考虑潮流、入海径流、风等因素的影响,基于MIKE3软件的生物仿真模拟技术(Agent Based Modelling),模拟研究了漂浮及悬浮塑料垃圾的分布特征和迁移规律,并提出经验公式对沉积塑料垃圾的通量进行了预测。结果表明漂浮塑料垃圾在不利风、常风向和最大风的作用下集中堆积于岸线处。而悬浮塑料垃圾由海面向下呈现指数式下降的分布特征,且其水平迁移分布与潮流运动密切相关;流速小的区域悬浮塑料垃圾更容易堆积使局部浓度升高。悬浮塑料垃圾的扩散速率也与塑料颗粒的物理性质有关,沉降速度小的塑料颗粒在水中悬浮的时间更长,更容易被传输到距离污染源更远的地方。同时,研究发现沉积微塑料通量的增长规律近似为线性变化,通量大小与厦门塑料产量和厦门湾的水动力特性相关。Marine plastic wastes are a new type of marine pollutant,the calculation of the flux of marine plastic waste into the sea involves the source-sink process and migration path,which are not fully understood yet by scientists.Taking Xiamen Bay area with rapid industrial development as the research object,considering the influence of tidal action,runoff into the sea,wind,and other factors,based on MIKE 3 Agent Based Modelling,the characteristics of distribution and migration of floating and suspended plastic waste were simulated and studied,and the empirical formula was proposed to predict the flux of deposited plastic waste.Results show that the floating plastic waste is concentrated on the shoreline under the actions of unfavorable wind,prevailing wind,and the strongest wind.The distribution of suspended plastics from the sea surface downward show an exponential decline,and its horizontal migration is closely related to the tidal movement.In areas with low flow velocity,suspended plastics are easier to accumulate,raising the local concentration.The diffusion rate of suspended plastics is also related to the physical properties of plastic particles.Plastic particles with low settling rate can be suspended in water body for a longer time and are easier to be transported to places farther away from the pollution sources.In addition,it is found that the growth of micro-plastic deposition flux is approximately linear with time,and the flux is related to the plastic output in Xiamen and the hydrodynamics in the Xiamen Bay.

关 键 词：海洋塑料垃圾 厦门湾 MIKE3 生物仿真模拟技术 漂浮塑料颗粒 悬浮塑料颗粒 沉积塑料颗粒 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]