番石榴生殖生长期土壤和叶片氮磷钾含量变化特征  

Variation characteristics of the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil and leaves of Psidium guajava L.during the reproductive growth period

作　　者：张朝坤 洪雅芳 肖靖 陈慧 黄国成 钱笑杰 ZHANG Chao-kun;HONG Ya-fang;XIAO Jing;CHEN Hui;HUANG Guo-cheng;QIAN Xiao-jie(Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363005,China;Fujian Agricultural and RuralWork Research Center,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Fujian Eco-tech Center for State Farm and South Subtropical Crops,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;Fuzhou Agricultural Reclamation Group Co.Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]漳州市农业科学研究所,福建漳州363005 [2]福建省农业农村工作研究中心,福建福州350003 [3]福建省农垦与南亚热带作物经济技术中心,福建福州350003 [4]福州市农垦集团有限责任公司,福建福州350003 [5]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2022年第5期1245-1252,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目(2019N0055)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究番石榴生殖生长期土壤和叶片中主要养分的变化特征,为番石榴施肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】测定红香1号、彩红和珍珠3个番石榴品种果园土壤和叶片的氮磷钾含量,利用相关分析和方差分解分析土壤养分及叶片营养间的关系。【结果】红香1号、彩红和珍珠3个番石榴品种生殖生长期的果园土壤pH变化趋势有所差异,其中,彩虹番石榴果园土壤pH先下降后上升,红香1号和珍珠番石榴则呈现升—降—升的趋势,但3个品种在第二次膨大期果园土壤pH均最低,其中,彩虹与珍珠番石榴果园土壤pH显著低于其他生殖生长期(P<0.05,下同),红香1号差异不显著(P>0.05)。番石榴叶片氮磷钾均呈现下降趋势,中果期和二次膨大期叶片氮磷钾含量差异显著,该过程是生殖生长期养分需求最多的时期。土壤养分中,番石榴二次膨大期时,彩虹和珍珠番石榴果园土壤氮磷钾养分含量最高,除珍珠番石榴果园土壤碱解氮外,其余土壤养分均与其他生殖生长期差异显著;在红香1号中未观察到此现象。相关分析结果表明,红香1号、彩红和珍珠番石榴的果园土壤磷均与叶片营养呈负相关关系。不同生长期、土壤磷含量是影响番石榴叶片营养的共性因素,土壤氮是红香1号叶片营养的个性差异因素,土壤钾是彩虹和珍珠个性差异因素。【结论】土壤磷是限制亚热带番石榴叶片养分的关键土壤养分因子。不同品种番石榴养分吸收具有共性和差异性,田间管理需关注不同品种番石榴引起的养分需求差异,优化不同品种番石榴果园施肥方案。【Objective】To study variation characteristics of the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil and leaves of different guava(Psidium guajava L.)varieties during the reproductive growth period,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the differential fertilization management of different guava varieties.【Method】The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in orchard soil and leaves of three guava varieties,Hongxiang 1,Caihong and Pearl,were determined.The relationship between soil nutrients and leaf nutrients was analyzed by correlation analysis and variance decomposition method.【Result】The trends of orchard soil pH change in Hongxiang 1,Caihong and Pearl guava during reproductive growth period were different,and the orchard soil pH in Caihong guava first decreased and then increased;Hongxiang 1 and Pearl guava showed an upward-downward-upward trend,but the pH of orchard soil of the three varieties was the lowest in the second expansion period.Among them,the orchard soil pH of Caihong and Pearl guava was significantly lower than that of other reproductive growth periods(P<0.05,the same below),and Hongxiang 1 had no significant difference(P>0.05).The content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in leaves showed a downward trend,and there was a significant difference between the middle fruit stage and the secondary expansion stage.This process was the period of maximum nutrient demand in the reproductive growth period.Among the soil nutrients,during the second expansion period of guava,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil of Caihong and Pearl guava orchards was the highest.Except for the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil of Pearl guava orchard,the other nutrients were significantly different from other reproductive growth periods.This phenomenon was not observed in Hongxiang 1.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between soil phosphorus and leaf nutrition in Hongxiang 1,Caihong and Pearl guava orchards.Differe

关 键 词：番石榴 生殖生长 叶片养分 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]