1941年纳粹德国对日政策的调整及其影响  

The Adjustments and the Corresponding Influence of Nazi Germany’s Policy towards Japan in 1941

作　　者：李朋[1] 罗一焜 Li Peng;Luo Yikun

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学历史文化旅游学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2022年第3期32-48,I0003,I0004,共19页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“美国在东北亚的国家利益与外交政策研究”(项目编号:17BSS040)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：第二次世界大战爆发后,德意日签订了《三国同盟条约》,但是纳粹德国根据自身现实利益,在1941年三次调整对日政策:从利用日本在太平洋向美国施加战略压力以阻碍美国参战,转为要求日本攻击英国远东殖民地以转移美国注意,再到要求日本进攻苏联以迅速结束东线战事,后又改为鼓动日本对美国开战以免德国单独面对美国。德国对日政策的直接目标由“利用日本牵制美国”转变为“鼓动日本对美国作战”。究其原因,一是希特勒不断地根据自己对战争形势变化的判断调整对日政策的目标;二是德国决策层高估了德国对日本的影响力;三是战时纳粹德国外交决策的独裁模式使其政策具有很强的不确定性。从结果来看,虽然德国在拉拢日本共同对付美国的政策上取得了成功,但却由此造成了同时与英美苏交战的局面,并促成了世界反法西斯同盟的形成,从而加速了自身的败亡。After the outbreak of the Second World War,Germany,Italy and Japan signed Tripartite Pact.However,Nazi Germany adjusted its policy towards Japan three times in 1941 according to its own realistic interests. More specifically,Germany initially took advantage of Japan to exert strategic pressure on the United States in the Pacific Ocean in order to prevent the United States from participating in the war. Then it required Japan to attack the British colonies in order to divert the American attention. Afterwards,it urged Japan to attack the Soviet Union to quickly end the war on the eastern front. Eventually,it turned into encouraging Japan to go to war with the United States,so as to avoid Germany facing the United States alone. The direct goal of Nazi Germany’s policy towards Japan has changed from ‘taking advantage of Japan to contain the United States’ to ‘taking advantage of Japan to fight against the United States’. The reasons are as follows: Hitler constantly adjusted the objectives of his policy towards Japan according to his judgements on the changes of the war situation,the German decision-makers overestimated Germany’s influence on Japan,the dictatorial mode of Nazi Germany’s diplomatic decision-making in wartime made its policy highly uncertain. Judging from the results,Germany has achieved tactical success through drawing Japan to fight against the United States. However,it caused the dilemma that Germany was at war with Great Britain,the United States and the Soviet Union at the same time. Consequently,this contributed to the formation of the Antifascist Alliance around the world and accelerated the defeat of Germany.

关 键 词：纳粹德国 三国同盟条约 对日政策 外交决策 不确定性 现实利益 决策层 

分 类 号：K516.44[历史地理—历史学] K313.46[历史地理—世界史] D831.3[政治法律—政治学] D851.6[政治法律—外交学]