齿面单坑缺陷下齿轮磨损演变与映射机制研究  

Study on Gear Wear Evolution and Mapping Mechanism under Single Pit Defect on Tooth Surface

作　　者：张立国 朱玉麒 袁伟 郭前建[1] 谭帅 薛鹏 ZHANG Liguo;ZHU Yuqi;YUAN Wei;GUO Qianjian;TAN Shuai;XUE Peng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo Shandong 255000,China;National Engineering Technology Research Center for Oil Production Equipment,Dongying Shandong 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学机械工程学院,山东淄博255000 [2]国家采油装备工程技术研究中心,山东东营257091

出　　处：《机床与液压》2022年第14期14-20,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51805299);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GGX104081,2019GGX104033);山东省教育厅青创人才引育计划项目;山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目。

摘　　要：齿面凹坑是常见的齿轮缺陷之一,在轮船、矿业机械、风电齿轮等大型重载齿轮传动机构中,齿轮更换拆卸极为不便,为避免齿轮发生严重失效造成的重大损失,需要准确判断齿轮的磨损特征和预测故障出现的时间和位置,探究齿面坑状缺陷对齿轮磨损进程的影响尤为必要。以齿面单坑缺陷齿轮的啮合历程为研究对象,采用控制变量的方法进行齿轮磨损特征对比。通过搭建的力系闭式齿轮试验台进行重载试验,利用铁谱分析技术和油样分析技术对磨损粒子作定量、定性分析,结合有限元分析和和齿面磨痕扫描电镜图片探究单坑缺陷下斜齿轮磨损演变与齿轮啮合状态的映射机制。研究结果表明:凹坑打在承载区,斜齿轮沿接触线方向的应力分布不均匀,凹坑周边区域存在应力集中现象;坑状缺陷改变了齿轮的啮合状态,缺陷轮齿齿根应力值明显大于正常轮齿,使得坑状缺陷的轮齿齿面抗磨损能力提高,但轮齿刚度降低,尤其进入剧烈磨损的后期,磨粒数量快速上升,并伴随齿面严重的剥落和塑性变形,加速轮齿疲劳断裂。The tooth surface pit is one of the common gear defects. In large heavy-duty gear transmission mechanisms such as ships, mining-machinery and wind power gears, the replacement and disassembly of gears are extremely inconvenient. In order to avoid the significant loss caused by serious failure of gears, it is necessary to accurately judge the wear characteristics of gears and predict the time and position of faults, and it is particularly necessary to explore the influence of tooth surface pit defects on the wear process of gears.Taking the meshing process of gear with a single tooth surface pit defect as the research object, the gear wear characteristics were compared by using the method of control variables. The heavy-load experiment was carried out on a closed gear test rig with a force system. The wear particles were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by using ferrography analysis technology and oil sample analysis technology. Combined with finite element analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis of tooth surface wear scars, the mapping mechanism between helical gear wear evolution and gear meshing state under single pit defect was explored. The results show that the stress distribution of helical gear along the direction of the contact line is not uniform when the pit is hit in the bearing area, and there is stress concentration around the pit;the pit-shaped defect changes the meshing state of the gear;the stress value of the tooth root of the defected gear is significantly greater than that of the normal gear, which improves the wear resistance of the tooth surface of the pit-shaped defected gear, however, the tooth stiffness decreases, especially in the late stage of severe wear, the number of abrasive particles increases rapidly, and the severe spalling and plastic deformation of the tooth surface accelerates the fatigue fracture of the gear.

关 键 词：单坑缺陷 磨损演变 铁谱分析 齿面形貌SEM 有限元分析 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]