乳熟期倒伏对夏玉米农田蒸散量的影响  

Effect of Lodging on Evapotranspiration of Summer Maize at Milk Ripening Stage

作　　者：彭记永[1,2] 韩耀杰 李树岩[1,2] 方文松[1,2] PENG Jiyong;HAN Yaojie;LI Shuyan;FANG Wensong(CMA·Henan Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique Key Laboratory,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Institute of Meteorological Science,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第7期8-15,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放基金项目(AMF202106);中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室应用基金项目(KM202216);中国气象局创新发展专项项目(CXFZ2021Z094)。

摘　　要：【目的】确定夏玉米倒伏后农田蒸散量变化特征。【方法】郑州农业气象试验站2016年8月25日出现夏玉米大风倒伏现象,利用正常年(2017年)气象数据、作物观测数据和涡度观测数据,通过Penman-Monteith模型(P-M模型)模拟并检验夏玉米正常生长年型蒸散量变化特征,优化参数模型,计算P-M模型模拟值与实测值的最优拟合度。然后根据率定参数的P-M蒸散模型,利用田间调查数据,以未倒伏的植株参数为假定夏玉米没有发生倒伏,进行农田蒸散量模拟,模拟结果作为蒸散量对照值(P-M_(N));以实际倒伏后的植株参数,进行农田蒸散量模拟,模拟结果为实际倒伏蒸散量(P-M_(L))。【结果】正常年型蒸散量模拟值与实测值具有较好的一致性,模拟绝对误差为0.005,相对误差为10.7%,均方根误差和一致性指数分别为0.019、0.980,说明模型具有较好的预测性。在倒伏年,倒伏后蒸散量模拟值与实测值的绝对误差和相对误差分别为0.002 mm/30 min、2.9%,均方根误差为0.001,一致性指数为0.98。【结论】乳熟期夏玉米倒伏后农田蒸散量显著降低,根据P-M模型计算结果,夏玉米倒伏后农田蒸散量降低0.019 mm/30 min,日平均降低0.68 mm/d,降低18.3%。并且倒伏前期日平均降低0.99 mm/d,降低20.6%;倒伏后期日平均降低0.42 mm/d,降低14.8%。【Objective】Strong winds in summer often result in lodging stress to summer maize in central China.The purpose of this paper is to evaluate experimentally how the lodging affects evapotranspiration from a maize field.【Method】The analysis was based on a dataset collected on 25 August 2016 after a strong wind hit Zhengzhou agrometeorological station.Using the Penman-Monteith(P-M)model,meteorological and crop data,as well as vorticity measured in 2017(a normal year),we calculated the evapotranspiration and optimized the model parameters to fit the P-M model to the measured data in 2017.Using the P-M model and the calibrated parameters and field-survey data,we estimated evapotranspiration from the summer maize field without any lodging as the control(P-M_(N)).The reduced evapotranspiration(P-M_(L))due to the lodging in 2016 was estimated using field survey-plant data.【Result】The evapotranspiration calculated without lodging agreed well with the measured data,with an absolute error of 0.005 mm/30 min,a relative error of 10.7%,and root mean square error and consistency index being 0.019 and 0.98 respectively.For the lodged maize field,the absolute and relative errors between the calculated and measured evapotranspiration were 0.002 mm/30 min and 2.9%,respectively,and the root mean square error and the consistency index were 0.001 and 0.98 respectively.【Conclusion】Mazie lodging at milk stage due to strong winds significantly reduced its evapotranspiration.Results calculated using the P-M model showed that the lodging reduced daily evapotranspiration by 0.68 mm,a 18.3%reduction compared to the control.The reduced daily average evapotranspiration in the early stage of the lodging was 20.6%(0.99 mm),while in the later stage it decreased to 0.42 mm,14.8%down compared to the control.

关 键 词：夏玉米 倒伏 Penman-Monteith模型 涡度相关 模拟 蒸散量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]