麦后移栽棉蒸发蒸腾规律和作物系数  

Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient of Transplanted Cotton after Wheat Harvest

作　　者：耿耘 刘浩[1] 李云峰 冯泉清 余轩 孙景生[1] GENG Yun;LIU Hao;LI Yunfeng;FENG Quanqing;YU Xuan;SUN Jingsheng(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Requirement and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第7期24-34,共11页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：现代农业棉花产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索黄河流域植棉区麦后移栽棉蒸发蒸腾规律及作物系数。【方法】设置地面灌与滴灌2种灌溉方式,利用大型称重式蒸渗仪连续监测的麦后移栽棉的蒸发蒸腾量和用Penman-Monteith公式计算的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量,分析麦后移栽棉的蒸发蒸腾规律,计算麦后移栽棉作物系数。【结果】滴灌处理的株高和叶面积指数均明显高于地面灌;受降雨影响,2种灌溉方式下麦后移栽棉的实际蒸发蒸腾量相差不大,滴灌和地面灌处理整个生育期的蒸发蒸腾量分别为420.79 mm和415.30 mm;在棉花生育前期,地面灌和滴灌处理的土壤蒸发(E)占蒸发蒸腾量(ETc)的比例(E/ETc)变化范围为46.06%~90.23%和42.24%~77.46%,地面灌处理的E/ETc明显高于滴灌;分析气象因子与麦后移栽棉蒸发蒸腾量的相关性发现,日平均温度(T)、总辐射(Rs)和饱和水汽压差(VPD)与麦后移栽棉蒸发蒸腾量均呈显著正相关;麦后移栽棉的作物系数与直播棉花不同,在生长初期已达到较高水平,在生长中期达到最大,生长末期明显下降,地面灌在生长初期、生长中期和生长末期的作物系数分别为0.91、1.23和0.71。滴灌在生长初期、生长中期和生长末期的作物系数分别为0.91、1.26和0.64。在地面灌和滴灌处理下麦后移栽棉Kc均随LAI增大呈先上升后趋于平缓趋势,Kc与LAI的回归方程分别为K_(c)=1.663LAI^(0.0587),R^(2)=0.664和K_(c)=1.1779LAI^(0.0611),R^(2)=0.694。【结论】麦后移栽棉的蒸发蒸腾量在苗期、蕾期和花铃期蒸发蒸腾旺盛,进入吐絮期后逐渐降低;麦后移栽棉作物系数在生长初期明显高于FAO-56推荐的Kc值,因此,在制定灌溉制度时,必须根据实际情况予以修正。【Background and objective】Cotton-winter wheat rotation is a common cultivation in the Yellow River basin,but there is an overlapping period during their growing seasons.One technology is to nurture cotton seedlings in seedling beds and then transplant the seedling after the wheat is harvested.The objective of this paper is to study evapotranspiration and crop coefficient(Kc)of the transplanted cotton under different irrigation methods.【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2020 and compared surface irrigation and drip irrigation.Evapotranspiration of the transplanted cotton was measured continuously using a large-scale transpiration meter.The reference evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula,and the Kc was calculated as their ratio.【Result】Compared to surface irrigation,drip irrigation promoted crop growth and increased its leaf area index(LAI)as a result.There was no significant difference in evapotranspiration between the two irrigation methods due to the influence of rainfalls.The growth-season evapotranspiration under drip and surface irrigation was 420.79 mm and 415.30 mm,respectively.In the early growth stage,the ratio of surface evaporation to evapotranspiration for the surface and drip irrigation was in the range of 46.06%~90.23%and 42.24%~77.46%,respectively.Correlation analysis found that daily average temperature(T),total radiation(Rs)and saturated water vapor pressure(VPD)were positively correlated with the evapotranspiration.The Kc of the transplanted cotton after wheat harvest differed from that of directly drilled.As the plant grew,the Kc increased first followed by decline after maximizing in the middle growth stage.The Kc at the early,middle and late growth stage was 0.91,1.23 and 0.71,respectively under surface irrigation,while under drip irrigation the associated Kc was 0.91,1.26 and 0.64 respectively.Regardless of irrigation treatments,the Kc increased first followed by flattening due to the gradual increase in LAI.The relationship between Kc and LAI we

关 键 词：麦后移栽棉 蒸发蒸腾量 土壤蒸发 作物系数 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]