湖北省棉花生育期内涝渍高温灾害特征分析  

Spatiotemporal Variation in Waterlogging and Thermal Stress to Cotton in Hubei Province

作　　者：蒙华月 吴雨箫 钱龙 罗云英 陈诚 许敏 邓靖瑶 MENG Huayue;WU Yuxiao;QIAN Long;LUO Yunying;CHEN Cheng;XU Min;DENG Jingyao(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Civil Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangzhou Hydraulic Research Institute,Guangzhou 510220,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水利水电学院,武汉430072 [2]中山大学土木工程学院,广州510275 [3]广州市水务科学研究所,广州510220 [4]上海环境科学研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第7期119-128,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51909286);中央高校基本科研业务费(2021qntd15)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示湖北省棉花生育期内涝渍、高温以及涝热耦合事件的时空分布特征,为气候变化背景下棉田科学排水规划的制定提供理论依据。【方法】基于1961—2020年湖北省26个国家气象站逐日的降水及气温数据分析了棉花不同生育期内的涝渍次数、高温次数、涝热耦合次数以及涝渍转化为涝热耦合的比率(涝热耦合转化率),并分析了各项指标的时间线性趋势、突变规律以及空间分布特征。【结果】湖北省棉花各生育期内涝渍次数较多,而高温和涝热耦合事件则主要发生在蕾期和花铃期。近60年,涝渍次数在蕾期出现了显著上升,涝热耦合次数在花铃期和全生育期均表现出显著的上升趋势,涝热耦合转化率在全生育期内显著上升。就年代分布规律而言,高温与涝热耦合事件相似,均在2000s达到峰值;2010s各类涝渍高温事件均处于历史较高水平。所有涝渍高温事件指标在全生育期均出现过显著突变,且大部分为正向突变。涝热耦合灾害事件在花铃期的发生次数最多且涝热耦合转化率最高,尤其是在鄂西南恩施、鄂西北襄阳和鄂中南钟祥的涝热耦合转化率均已超过30%。鄂东北黄冈是涝渍和涝热耦合的高倾向交叠区,涝渍倾向低但涝热耦合倾向高的地区包括鄂西北襄阳、鄂中南钟祥和荆州。【结论】湖北棉花近年来面临较为严重的涝热耦合灾害,亟需重视花铃期高温天气条件下的棉田排水,尤其需关注鄂中南、鄂西北襄阳和鄂东北黄冈等地区的涝热灾情。【Objective】Waterlogging and thermal stress are two abiotic stresses faced by cotton production in central China.This paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation in waterlogging(WL),thermal stress(HT),and waterlogging followed by thermal stress(WL-HT)to cotton in Hubei province.【Method】Daily precipitation and air temperatures were collected from 26 meteorological stations across the province to calculate the occurrence of WL,HT,WL-HT,as well as the conversion from WL to WL-HT at the seedling,budding,flowering and boll-filling stage,and the boll opening stage.Spatiotemporal variations of these events were calculated using the linear temporal trend method,the moving t-test and the inverse distance interpolation.【Result】The last six decades have seen a significant increase in WL(p<0.05)at the budding stage,and WL-ET at the flowering and boll-filling stage,as well as the whole growth season of the cotton.The conversion from WL to WL-HT also showed an increasing trend over the whole growth season.At decadal scale,the occurrence of HT and WL-HT trended similarly:both occurring less frequently in the 1980s and more frequently in the 2000s.Over the last decade in the 2010s,the occurrences of WL,HT,and WL-HT have reached their historical high.Abrupt changes in WL,HT and WL-HT were detected.We also found WL-HT occurred mainly at the budding,flowering and boll-filling stage.During the flowering and boll-filling stage,the WL-HT occurred most frequently.Spatially,the conversion from WL to WL-HL in Enshi,Xiangyang and Zhongxiang was>30%.Huanggang was prone to both WL and WL-HT.In contrast,Xiangyang,Zhongxiang and Jingzhou had a low WL but high WL-HT.【Conclusion】Cotton production in Hubei province has seen an increase in waterlogging followed by high temperatures over the recent decade.Timely drainage at the flowering and bollfilling stage when temperature is high in the south-central,northwestern and northeastern province is essential to safeguarding cotton production there.

关 键 词：棉花 农田排水 暴雨 涝渍胁迫 高温胁迫 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]