云南华坪县与攀枝花市交界地小型兽类及其寄生蚤群落结构分析  

The community structures and species diversity of small mammals and their ectoparasite fleas in the border area between Panzhihua City and Huaping County, Yunnan

作　　者：邵宗体[1] 高子厚[1] 浦恩念 张正飞[2] 杨世松 姚万红 许元彪 文志平 段兴德[1] 张晓云 SHAO Zong-ti;GAO Zi-hou;PU En-nian;ZHANG Zheng-fei;YANG Shi-song;YAO Wan-hong;XU Yuan-biao;WEN Zhi-ping;DUAN Xing-de;ZHANG Xiao-yun(Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Lijiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lijiang,Yunnan 674100,China;Huaping Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huaping,Yunnan 674800,China;School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所/云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]丽江市疾病预防控制中心,云南丽江674100 [3]华坪县疾病预防控制中心,云南丽江674800 [4]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2022年第3期201-205,223,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81660554);云南省医疗卫生单位内设研究机构科研项目(No.2016NS132);徐建国院士工作站(No.2018ICI155);云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队;大理大学自然疫源性疾病流行病学创新团队(No.ZK PY2019201)。

摘　　要：目的 调查华坪县与攀枝花市交界地区小型兽类(小兽)及其寄生蚤的组成和分布,为鼠疫防控提供依据。方法 以华坪县与攀枝花市交界3个乡镇海拔1 000~2 250 m的农耕区和居民区2种生态环境为调查空间范围,采用夹夜法和笼夜法捕获小兽,梳捡体表寄生蚤,分类计数,运用群落生态学指标进行群落结构和物种多样性分析。结果 共捕获小兽3目4科9属17种240只,主要是啮齿动物187只(占77.92%),其次是食虫动物51只(占21.25%),居民区小兽捕获率为1.58%,以小家鼠占47.37%(9/19)和褐家鼠占26.32%(5/19)为主要优势种;农耕区小兽捕获率为10.85%,以卡氏小鼠(23.08%)、斯氏家鼠(12.22%)、灰麝鼩(11.76%)、长尾大麝鼩(11.31%)、锡金小鼠(10.41%)和齐氏姬鼠(10.41%)相对较多。1 000~1 500 m低海拔地区以啮齿动物小鼠属和食虫动物麝鼩属为主,随海拔升高至2 000 m以上,啮齿动物姬鼠属和绒鼠属相对优势度增加。检获小兽寄生蚤5科7属7种26匹,居民区缓慢细蚤和印鼠客蚤相对较多,农耕区近端远棒蚤二刺亚种、穗缘端蚤中缅亚种和方叶栉眼蚤相对较多,小兽平均染蚤率为7.08%,总蚤指数为1.53。小兽及其寄生蚤的物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数农耕区比居民区高,反之优势度居民区高于农耕区,居民区与农耕区之间小兽群落相似性极为不相似;不同海拔带中小兽及其寄生蚤群落生态学指标无明显区别,不同海拔带之间小兽群落相似性为中等相似。结论 华坪县与攀枝花市交界地区有家、野两型疫源地的主要宿主和媒介分布,具有鼠疫的宿主和媒介基础,但总体上鼠密度和蚤指数相对不高,可认为干热河谷地区鼠疫风险不高,有待加强鼠传疾病及其宿主媒介的监测。Objective ectoparasite fleas in the border area of Huaping County and Panzhihua City, so as to provide a basis for plague prevention and control.MethodsSmall mammals and their ectoparasite fleas were captured in the two types of landscape areas( agricultural and residential area) with altitudes from 1 000-2 250 m of 3 townships. Small mammals were captured by night traps and cage traps, ectoparasite fleas were collected on the body surface, classified and counted. The community structures and species diversity of small mammals and their ectoparasite fleas were studied using ecological indexes.Results mammals which belong to 17 species, 9 genera, 4 families and 3 orders were captured. Rodents were the main species(187,77.92%), followed by insectivores(51, 21.25%). The capture rate of small mammals in residential areas was 1.58%. The dominant species of small mammals were Mus musculus(47.37%, 9/19) and Rattus norvegicus(26.32%, 5/19) in the residential areas. The capture rate of small mammals in the agricultural area was 10.85%. The dominant species of small mammals were Mus caroli, Rattus sladeni, Crocidura attenuate, Crocidura Dracula, Mus pahari and Apodemus chevrieri, the composition ratio were 23.08%, 12.22%, 11.76%, 11.31%, 10.41% and 10.41% respectively. Mus of rodents and Genus Crocidura of insectivore were dominant species in the low altitude areas from 1 000 to 1 500 meters, and the dominance index of Apodemus and Eothenomys of rodents increases as the altitude increases above 2 000 meters. A total number of 26 fleas which belong to 7species, 7 genera, 5 families were collected. Leptopsylla segnis and Xenopsylla cheopis were dominant species in residential areas, while Aviostivalius klossi bispiniformis, Acropsylla episema girshami and Ctenophthalmus quadratus were dominant species in the agricultural areas. The flea infection rate of small mammals was 7.08% and flea index was 1.53. The diversified index, evenness index and richness index of small mammals and their ectoparasite fleas in the agricultural a

关 键 词：小型兽类 寄生蚤 群落结构 华坪县 

分 类 号：R384.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]