云南省2019年鼠疫主要宿主动物及媒介种群监测  

A surveillance investigation of major host animal and vector populations of Yunnan plague in 2019

作　　者：苏丽琼[1] 段彪[1] 杨智明[1] 梁云[1] 吴鹤松[1] SU Li-qiong;DUAN Biao;YANG Zhi-ming;LIANG Yun;WU He-song(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Public Health Collaborative Innovation,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南公共卫生与疾病防控协同创新中心,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2022年第3期212-217,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81560545);徐建国院士工作站(No.2019YS06)。

摘　　要：目的 掌握和分析云南省2019年鼠疫疫情,为鼠疫防控对策提供科学依据。方法 2019年对云南省108个县(市)开展鼠疫宿主、媒介、病原学和血清学监测,并对监测结果使用Excel 2013建成数据库,用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 黄胸鼠疫源地共捕获啮齿动物29 103只,分别属于3目5科12属22种,平均鼠密度为2.17%,黄胸鼠占捕获总数的52.67%,褐家鼠占32.15%;共检获寄生蚤20 400匹,分别属于1目5科11属11种,蚤种分布以印鼠客蚤为主,占42.42%,其次为缓慢细蚤,占39.19%;齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠疫源地共捕获啮齿动物5 418只,分别属于4目6科13属19种,平均鼠密度为3.98%,其中齐氏姬鼠和大绒鼠分别占捕获总数的47.21%和32.13%;齐氏姬鼠平均鼠体蚤指数为0.55,鼠体蚤以棕形额蚤和特新蚤指名亚种为优势蚤种,分别占获蚤数的51.83%和32.33%,大绒鼠平均鼠体蚤指数为0.82,鼠体蚤以方叶栉眼蚤为优势蚤种,占83.89%。分别对48 670只动物和21 062组媒介进行细菌学检验,结果均为阴性。应用鼠疫间接血凝试验方法检验动物血清20 163份,结果均为阴性。结论 黄胸鼠疫源地以黄胸鼠、褐家鼠为优势种;齐氏姬鼠-大绒鼠疫源地以齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠为优势种,云南鼠疫的主要宿主和传播媒介仍保持一定数量优势,存在鼠疫流行的条件,需加强鼠疫监测,提高监测质量,及时发现疫情,以防止人间鼠疫疫情的发生和流行。ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the plague epidemic situation in Yunnan province, China, in 2019, and to provide scientific evidence to support the prevention and control of plague.MethodsSurveillance on plague hosts, vectors,etiology, and serology was conducted in 108 counties or cities of Yunnan province in 2019, and the monitoring reports were analyzed.ResultsA total of 29 103 rodents were captured in the natural plague foci of Rattus tanezumi;they belonged to 22species, 12 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. The average density of rats was 2.17%: Rattus tanezumi accounted for 52.67% of the total capture and R. norvegicus accounted for 32.15%. A total of 20 400 parasitic fleas were collected, which belonged to 11species, 11 genera, 5 families, and 1 order. The dominant species was Xenopsylla cheopis, accounting for 42.42% of the total,and the second most common species was Leptopsylla segnis, accounting for 39.19%. A total of 5 418 rodents were captured in the natural plague foci of Apodemus chevrier and Eothenomys miletus;they belonged to 19 species, 13 genera, 6 families, and 4orders. The average density of rats was 3.98%. Among them, Apodemus chevrier and Eothenomys miletus, accounted for 47.21%and 32.13% of the total capture population, respectively. The average rat flea index of Apodemus chevrier was 0.55, and Frontopsylla spadix(51.83%) and Neopsylla specialis specialis(32.33%) were the dominant fleas on A. chevrieri;the average rat flea index of E. miletus was 0.82, and Ctenophthalmus quadratus was the dominant flea on E. miletus, accounting for 83.89%.Bacteriological tests were performed on 48 670 animals and 21 062 vectors, all results were negative. Indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA) was used to test serum samples, and 20 163 serum samples were negative for the plague.Conclusions Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of R. tanezumi. Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant species in the natural plague foci of A. chevrieri and E.

关 键 词：鼠疫 监测 鼠体蚤 云南省 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]