《孤独者》与《查拉图斯特拉如是说》中的象征  

Symbols in The Lonely Man and Thus Spoke Zarathustra

作　　者：黄开发[1] Huang Kaifa

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2022年第7期31-40,191,共11页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：《孤独者》的“我”告别魏连殳尸体的情节位于小说结尾处,过去的研究仅把它视为写实性的对一种悲剧后果的呈现。这其实是全篇点明主题的最主要象征,其原型来自尼采《查拉图斯特拉如是说》序言所写查拉图斯特拉背走绳演员的尸体下山。两个作品的情节模式高度相似,寓意结构相同。《孤独者》与《野草》中《影的告别》《墓碣文》等作品一样,都是把所表现人物的部分自我象征化,并且戏剧性地展开人物与自我化身之间的对话和潜对话。《孤独者》在艺术整体上有着安特莱夫式的写实与象征相调和的特征。The plot of“I”saying goodbye to Wei Lianshu's body in the short story is in theend of the novel.In the past,researchers only regarded it as a realistic presentation of a tragic consequence.In fact,this is the main symbol of the theme of the whole work.Its prototype comes from Zarathustra going down the hill with the dead body of the rope in the preface of Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra.The plot patterns of the two works are highly similar,and the allegorical structure is the same.Like The Shadow's Leave-taking,The Epitaph and other works in Wild Grass,The Lonely Man symbolizes part of the character's self and dramatically develops the dialogue and sub-dialogue between the character and the self-incarnation.As a whole,The Lonely Man is characterized by the harmony of Anteleff's realism and symbolism.

关 键 词：鲁迅 尼采 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》 象征 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]