合肥市2020—2021年中小学教室采光照明问题刍探  

Analysis of the supervision sampling inspection results of daylighting and illume in primary and secondary schools in Hefei City from 2020 to 2021

作　　者：高静 高茗 王勇 袁圆 GAO Jing;GAO Ming;WANG Yong;YUAN Yuan(General Superision Ageney of Health of Health Comission of Hefei Ciy,Anhui 230061,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥市卫生健康委员会综合执法监督所,安徽230061

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2022年第3期185-188,共4页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 通过对 2020—2021 年合肥市学校卫生双随机抽检的中小学校教室采光照明指标监测结果分析,了解学校教室的采光照明情况,为进一步改善学校采光照明提供依据。 方法 根据 2020—2021 年国家双随机抽取的合肥市 349 所中小学采光照明进行监测,主要指标包括窗地面积比、黑板平均照度、黑板照度均匀度、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度,并依据国家相关标准进行评价。 结果 2020—2021 年调查 349 所学校的 349 间教室,窗地面积比合格率为 90. 8%,黑板平均照度合格率为 54. 2%,黑板照度均匀度合格率为 63. 9%,课桌面平均照度合格率为 80. 8%,课桌面照度均匀度合格率为 68. 8%。 除课桌面平均照度外,2021 年窗地面积比(χ^(2)= 4. 730,P =0. 030)、黑板平均照度(χ^(2)= 10. 825,P= 0. 001)、黑板照度均匀度( χ^(2)= 15. 144,P<0. 001)和课桌面照度均匀度(χ^(2)= 5. 370,P= 0. 020)均高于 2020 年,差异均有统计学意义。 城区课桌面照度均匀度合格率与乡村学校教室比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)= 15. 731,P<0. 001);小学和初中的课桌面平均照度合格率高于高中,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)= 6. 816,P= 0. 033);公办学校黑板平均照度合格率( χ^(2)= 11. 012,P= 0. 001)、课桌面平均照度合格率( χ^(2)=11. 339,P= 0. 001)均高于民办学校,差异具有统计学意义。 结论 合肥市中小学教室采光照明指标合格率有待提高,学校教室采光照明条件需要改善。Objective To explore the status of daylighting and illume in classrooms of schools by analyzing the monitoring results of daylighting and illume indicators of classrooms of primary and secondary schools in Hefei city from 2020 to 2021,and furtherly to provide evidence for improvement.Methods Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 349 primary and secondary schools were randomly selected and surveyed, collecting the data of ratio of window area to ground area, blackboard average illumination, blackboard illumination uniformity, desk average illumination and desk illumination uniformity, which was evaluated by national standards.Results The qualified rate about ratio of window area to ground area, blackboard average illumination, blackboard illumination uniformity, desk average illumination and desk illumination uniformity was 90. 8%,54. 2%, 63. 9%, 80. 8% and 68. 8%, respectively. The qualified rate about ratio of window area to ground area(χ^(2) = 4. 730,P= 0. 030), blackboard average illumination(χ^(2) = 10. 825, P= 0. 001), blackboard illumination uniformity(χ^(2) = 15. 144, P<0. 001), and desk illumination uniformity(χ^(2) = 5. 370, P = 0. 020) was higher in 2021 than those in 2020. The qualified rate of desk illumination uniformity in urban area was higher than that in rural area(χ^(2) = 15. 73, P<0. 001). The qualified rate of desk average illumination in primary and junior middle school was higher than that in senior high school(χ^(2) =6. 816,P= 0. 033). The qualified rate of blackboard average illumination(χ^(2) = 11. 012, P= 0. 001) and desk average illumination(χ^(2) = 11. 339, P = 0. 001) was higher in public schools than that in private schools.Conclusion The daylighting and illume situation of primary and secondary schools in Hefei city has been improved from 2020 to 2021, but should be improved furtherly by taking effective measures of the government department.

关 键 词：学校 采光照明 合格率 监测 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]