纵横术对李白思想及行事之影响述论  

The Influence of the Coalition-building Theory on Li Bai’s Thought and Behaviors

作　　者：雷恩海[1] 张志玮[1] LEI En-hai;ZHANG Zhi-wei(School of Chinese Language and Literature/Research Center for Ancient Chinese Civilization,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院/国学研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期102-116,共15页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：甘肃省社会科学重点项目“陇右唐诗之路的路径暨诗歌创作与文化遗存研究”(20ZD013)。

摘　　要：李白青少年时期跟随赵蕤学习纵横之学,其一生思想及行事皆深受影响。《长短经》乃纵横之学的集大成,李白的帝王师思想,激励其得君行道,经世济民,积极追求建功立业;婚赘于许氏、宗氏及入永王幕也是受这一思想的影响。李白的政治理想是帝王师,建功立业,其生活理想乃高蹈隐居,问道求仙,因而功成身退乃其人生的最高理想。平交王侯的思想,是对士之才具的自信与肯定,乃精神上的独立与自由。纵横之学以宏阔的视野,通达的知识,秉要执本,颇具辩证性思维,不拘一格,能够认识矛盾的互相转化。因而,李白能够将入世与出世的矛盾统一于一身,对战争有全面客观的认知,对孔子与儒学亦能见其本质,既有赞扬亦有批评;而强烈的忧患意识,使得李白怀有强烈的时光流逝而功业无成的焦虑,对现实的昏暗与不公,予以强烈的批判。纵横之学,使李白高迈的情性和疏放的天性,得到了很好的展现。Li Bai studied the coalition-building theory from Zhao Rui in his youth,which influenced his thought and behaviors in all his life.Zhao’s Chang Duan Jing is a book of political tactics epitomizing the coalition-building theory.Li Bai’s political ideal was to become an imperial teacher and achieve political successes in governing and benefiting people.Motivated by this thought,he twice married into such noble families as Xu and Zong and became an adviser of Prince Yong.Compared with his political ideal,his ideal living style was to retreat into seclusion to cultivate immortality.By inference,his ultimate life ideal was to retire after winning political successes.His thought of equally associating with nobilities manifests his confidence as a scholar and his desire for spiritual independence and freedom.Built on the penetrating knowledge and broad perspective,the coalition-building theory is somewhat dialectical and practical to recognize the interchangeable nature of conflicts.Therefore,influenced by this theory,Li Bai could resolve the contradiction of pursuing political successes and a seclusive life and could perceive wars comprehensively and objectively and the nature of Confucius and Confucianism critically.However,with a strong awareness of eventualities and anxiety about idling away his time without political achievements,he criticized the unfair society vehemently.In a nutshell,the coalition-building theory enabled Li Bai to give his sublime and unrestrained nature into full play.

关 键 词：李白 赵蕤 《长短经》 纵横术 帝王师 高蹈隐居 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]