部门法宪法化的双向流动——以法国法为例  

Two-Way Flow of Constitutionalization of Sectoral Laws

作　　者：王蔚[1] WANG Wei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第4期44-55,共12页Law Review

基　　金：北京市社科基金重点项目“宪法学研究方法的理论脉络与适用实践”(项目编号:21DTR017)、“中国政法大学第五批青年教师学术创新团队资助项目”(项目编号:18CXTD10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法与部门法关系主要呈现三重秩序,两者的关系呈现了从泾渭分明到交织影响的状况。法国法“宪法化”的现象晚于德国产生,在近50年的发展中,法国宪法与部门法之间展现了规范双向流动的特征:宪法相对部门法的“下沉”和部门法相对宪法的“上移”。“下沉”主要体现为宪法对立法权限的设定、立法合宪性解释中宪法价值的辐射、以及对法律草案进行事前合宪性审查;而“上移”则表现为部门法原则经由宪法判例确认入宪,以及伴随事后合宪性审查程序的发展,普通法院对宪法的适用和解释后来者居上,逐渐边缘化宪法委员会在宪法化进程中的领导角色。由此,宪法化作为一般意义的法律现象,其内在的悖论开始凸显:宪法的法律性遮蔽政治性、公法与私法界限的模糊、以及宪法审查机构在宪法实施中定位矛盾。所以,宪法实施进程中需要动态评估部门法的宪法化现象,在宪法实施的适度留白与宪法原则作为法律人思考原点之间努力平衡,逐渐形成法治思维的“宪法反射”。The relationship between constitutional law and legal branches is a threefold order,and the relationship between the two is moving from clear-cut to intertwined influence.French law,as a latecomer to the phenomenon of "constitutionalization" compared to Germany,has shown a two-way flow of norms in its development in the past 50 years.The sinking of the constitution to sectoral law and the upward movement of sectoral law to the constitution.The sinking is mainly reflected in the setting of constitutional limits on legislative powers,the radiation of constitutional values in the interpretation of legislative constitutionality,and the process of prior constitutional review of draft laws;while the upward movement is reflected in the confirmation of sectoral law principles into the constitution through constitutional jurisprudence and the development of the post-constitutional review process,the application and interpretation of the constitution by the judiciary began to take the lead,and the ordinary courts gradually marginalized the leading role played by the Constitutional Council in the constitutionalization process.The ordinary courts have gradually marginalized the leading role played by constitutional commissions in the constitutionalization process.As a result,the paradoxes inherent in constitutionalization as a general legal phenomenon have come to the fore:the legal nature of the constitution obscures the political nature,the blurring of the boundaries between public and private law,and the positioning of constitutional review bodies in the implementation of the constitution.Thus,it is necessary to dynamically assess the phenomenon of constitutionalization of sectoral laws in the process of constitutional implementation,and to strive for a balance the right amount of white space in the implementation of the Constitution with the principles of the Constitution as the original point of reflection for the legal community and gradually develop a proper "constitutional reflex".

关 键 词：宪法实施 部门法宪法化 私法自治 法国法 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] DD911