从周原遗址齐家村东墓地颅骨看商周两族体质差异  

On Constitutional Differences of Shang and Zhou Peoples as Indicated by Skulls Excavated from Cemetery East of Qijiacun Village,Zhouyuan Site

作　　者：李楠 何嘉宁[2] 李钊 孙晨曦 LI Nan

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京市100013 [2]北京大学考古文博学院、北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京市100871 [3]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安市710075 [4]北京大学元培学院,北京市100871

出　　处：《华夏考古》2022年第3期107-114,共8页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助“周原遗址出土人骨综合研究”(项目编号:2021M690210);国家社会科学基金一般项目“人骨遗存压力指征与古人健康状况重建研究”(项目编号:20BKG035)成果。

摘　　要：本文运用欧式距离系数、主成分分析和系统发育网络三种方法对周原齐家村东所出西周时期的21例成人颅骨进行数据分析,认为该组居民属于蒙古人种东亚类型。结合商周王朝更替的考古学背景,周原齐家村东组居民应为商朝灭亡后西迁至此的殷遗民。商周两族在体质特征上存在差异:同周人相比,商人和殷遗民具有更低更宽的颅面形态。Euclidean Distance coefficients,principal component analysis and phylogenetic network analysis have been applied in the study of 21 pieces of adult skulls of Western Zhou,excavated in the east of Qijiacun Village,Zhouyuan Site.It has been confirmed that these skulls belonged to Eastern Asiatic Mongoloids.Given the dynastic changes of Shang and Zhou,it has been deduced that residents who once lived east of Qijiacun Village,Zhouyuan Site,should be later generations of Yin who relocated westward after the regime of Shang collapsed.Constitutional differences of Shang and Zhou peoples show that,compared with Zhou people,Shang people and the later generations of Yin had lower and wider craniofacial shapes.

关 键 词：周原遗址 颅骨特征 殷遗民 商人和周人 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K223[历史地理—历史学] K224