运动对人类共情的影响及其认知神经机制研究进展  

The effects of exercise on human empathy:Research progress,prospect and cognitive neural mechanism

作　　者：满晓霞 林萱[1] 魏高峡 李佑发[1] MAN Xiaoxia;LIN Xuan;WEI Gaoxia;LI Youfa(Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Shandong Provincial Sports Science Research Center,Jinan 250102,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875 [2]山东省体育科学研究中心,济南250102 [3]中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学心理系,北京100049

出　　处：《科技导报》2022年第10期30-38,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31671163);中国科学技术协会学科发展项目(2018XKFZ03);中国科学院心理研究所项目(Y9CX402008);中国科学院心理健康重点实验室开放课题;中国科学院行为科学重点实验室开放课题。

摘　　要：运动兴趣和运动方式可以正向预测共情能力,而运动经验、运动量与共情的关系则尚不清晰。综述了运动促进共情的认知神经机制的两条通路,包括运动通过激活镜像神经系统促进情感共情、运动通过促进认知控制系统促进认知共情;总结了当前研究的不足:研究设计不够严格,研究样本缺乏同质性,现有研究结果难以比较;研究对象多集中于健康人群,对临床等特殊人群关注不够;运动影响共情的认知神经机制研究方面,目前采用的技术还较为单一,数据可重复性方面存在局限。建议未来加强3个方面的研究:(1)严格把控实验设计,明确运动兴趣、运动经验、运动量和运动方式等改善共情不同成分的剂量效应;(2)尝试开发自闭症、阿尔茨海默症等共情受损人群运动处方;(3)推动学科交叉融合与技术创新,深化运动对共情影响的认知神经机制研究。The empathy is the ability to perceive and understand other people’s emotions and intentions and to respondaccordingly,and it is of great significance for human beings to establish and maintain social relations.A large number of studieshave shown that the exercise can promote the empathy.Specifically,it is known that,from the exercise interest and the exercisemode,one can positively predict the empathy,while the relationship between the exercise experience,the exercise volume,andthe empathy is not clear;The exercise promotes the empathy through two possible cognitive neural mechanisms:The exercisepromotes the emotional empathy by activating the mirror nervous system,and the exercise promotes the cognitive empathy bypromoting the cognitive control system.However,this hypothesis still lacks adequate evidences.Generally,more evidences areneeded to solve the following problems:Current research results are not comparable due to their different and insufficientresearch designs;Most of the studies focused on the healthy people while ignoring the clinical people who need to improve theirempathy;In the most researches of the cognitive neural mechanism,only one technology instead of the multimodal imagingtechnology is used,with the limitations in the data repeatability.It is suggested that future researches should:1)further refinethe experimental design,clarify the dose-effects of the exercise interest,the exercise experience,and the exercise volume ondifferent components of the empathy;2)pay attention to the development of the exercise prescriptions for people with empathydefects such as the autism and Alzheimer’s disease;3)promote interdisciplinary integration and technological innovation,anddeepen the research of the cognitive neural mechanism of the impact of the exercise on the empathy.

关 键 词：学科交叉融合 阿尔茨海默症 运动处方 自闭症 共情 特殊人群 技术创新 剂量效应 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]