论拉丁美洲现代文明的形成及其特点  

On the Formation and Characteristics of Modern Civilization in Latin America

作　　者：韩琦[1] Han Qi

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第4期128-140,共13页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题(19JJD770007)。

摘　　要：1492年哥伦布到达美洲之后,殖民征服打断了印第安古代文明的正常发展,随之出现了欧洲文明、非洲文明与印第安文明碰撞、交流和融合的过程,到18世纪形成了一种新的混合文明结构。但这种文明在制度和文化层面上均具有浓厚的中世纪色彩。只是到了20世纪中叶之后,伴随着发展模式的转换、发展型政府的建立、文化民族主义运动的开展、进口替代工业化和城市化发展、中产阶级社会的扩大、各种创新性文化成果的涌现,拉美才逐渐形成了现代文明,这是一种建立在现代工业生产方式基础之上的文明。现代拉美文明是多源混合的文明、亚西方文明、具有长期边缘性和不平等历史的文明、兼收并蓄和开放创新的文明、年轻而又充满活力的文明。拉美文明的和谐性、开放性和创新性值得我们学习借鉴,但拉美文明的不平等性、依附性、不平衡性又值得我们引以为戒。拉美文明具有和谐性与不平等并存、开放性与依附性并存、多元文明与不平衡性并存的“悖论”,这正是我们认知拉美文明的关键。After Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492, the colonial conquest interrupted the normal development of ancient Indian civilizations. Subsequently European civilization, African civilizations and Indian civilizations collided, exchanged, integrated, and formed a newly mixed civilizational structure in the 18th century. However, this civilization had strong medieval features at the institutional and cultural levels. Only after the middle of the 20th century,with the transformation of development models, the establishment of development-oriented governments, the development of cultural nationalist movements, the development of industrialization with import substitution and urbanization,the expansion of middle-class societies and the emergence of various innovative cultural achievements, Latin America gradually formed a modern civilization, based on modern industrial production modes. Modern Latin American civilization is a multi-source mixed civilization;a sub-Western civilization;a civilization with a long history of marginality and inequality;an inclusive, open and innovative civilization;and a young and vibrant civilization. The harmony, openness and innovation of Latin American civilization is worth learning from, but the inequality, dependence and imbalance of Latin American civilization is alarming. Latin American civilization is“paradoxical”in terms of harmony and inequality,openness and dependence, pluralistic civilization and imbalance, all of which are key to the understanding of Latin American civilization.

关 键 词：拉美文明 混合文明 亚西方文明 多样性 开放性 创新性 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]