中国产业政策的均衡效应分析——基于政府补贴的视角  

The Equilibrium Effects of Chinese Industry Policy——Based on Perspective of Government Subsidy

作　　者：蒋冠宏[1] JIANG Guan-hong(School of Economics of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2022年第6期98-116,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“中国企业对外直接投资的贸易和就业效应”(批准号71503221);国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国企业对外直接投资的模式选择和国际化特征研究”(批准号71973112)。

摘　　要：本文评估了政府补贴对工业企业产出和资源配置效率的均衡影响。理论研究表明,补贴导致被补贴企业的产出扩张和要素配置扭曲,通过市场竞争和投入品价格指数溢出到未被补贴企业。实证研究发现,考虑对未被补贴企业的竞争挤出后,政府补贴的产出扩大效应降低56.48%。政府补贴是否表现为竞争挤出取决于补贴发生在省内还是省外,以及行业可贸易性和产品替代弹性。政府补贴在省内表现为正向溢出,在省外表现为竞争挤出;产品出口能够极大地抵消政府补贴带来的竞争挤出;对产品替代弹性较低行业的补贴所引致的竞争挤出较小。研究还发现,不考虑溢出效应时政府补贴导致总体生产率下降7.48%,主要归因于补贴导致的要素配置扭曲降低了资源配置效率。然而,考虑溢出效应(省外和国外)时资源配置效率大幅上升,政府补贴对总体生产率增长存在正向促进作用。本文发现,政府补贴促进了企业产出增长和总体生产率进步,但这种促进作用是以向省外和国外市场的竞争挤出为代价的。本研究加深了对中国产业政策效果的理解,为政府制定产业政策提供了经验和理论指导。The paper evaluates the effect of government subsidies on production and allocative efficiency of resource about Chinese industry firms. In theory, subsidy will expand output of subsided firms and distort inputs which are used by subsided firms and spillover to un-subsided firms through mechanisms of market competition and price index. The paper empirically finds that the effect of subsidy on production decreases by 56.48% under the condition of competition spillover. The effect of spillover depends on subsidy within or outside the province, tradeable goods of industry and substituted elasticity of goods. It shows that when the subsidies happen it will bring with positive spillover within the province but negative spillover outside the province. Exports can largely reduce the negative spillover of subsidy. When goods have low substituted elasticity, they can decrease competitive spillover of squeezing out. When the spillover effect is not taken into account, the overall productivity of subsidies decreases by 7.48%, which is mainly due to fact that the distortion of factor use caused by subsidies reduces the efficiency of resource allocation. However, considering the spillover effect(outside the province and abroad), the efficiency of resource allocation has increased significantly, and subsidies have a positive effect on the overall productivity growth. This paper finds that government subsidies promote the output growth and overall productivity progress of Chinese firms, but this promotion effect is at the cost of crowding out to the competition outside the province and foreign markets. This study deepens the understanding of the effect of China’s industrial policy, and provides experience and theoretical guidance for the government to formulate industrial policy.

关 键 词：产业政策 政府补贴 产出增长 资源配置效率 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济]