美国产业补贴对中国非出口企业生产率的影响  

The Effects of U.S.Industrial Subsidies on the Productivity of Chinese Non-exporters

作　　者：靳玉英[1] 王琦凯 王开[2] JIN Yu-ying;WANG Qi-kai;WANG Kai(School of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200000,China;China Pilot Free Trade Zone Collaborative Innovation Center,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学商学院,上海200000 [2]上海财经大学中国自由贸易试验区协同创新中心,上海200000

出　　处：《经济管理》2022年第6期5-23,共19页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国金融周期与实体经济周期相互作用研究”(18AZD010);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局视阈下中国宏观调控跨周期设计与调节的理论与实验研究”(21&ZD082)。

摘　　要：通过梳理2009—2020年美国所采取的产业补贴措施,本文发现,美国补贴的产业与中国向其出口的产品存在高契合度,这表明美国产业补贴对中国出口产品构成普遍的负向冲击。通过实证研究,本文探讨了美国产业补贴对中国非出口企业生产率的影响,并对其背后的作用机制进行了深入研究,得到的主要结论是:首先,美国产业补贴导致中国非出口企业的劳动生产率和全要素生产率均下降。其次,美国产业补贴引发中国出口企业出口转内销行为从而恶化国内市场竞争环境,这是美国产业补贴致使中国非出口企业生产率下降的主要机制。最后,异质性分析表明,美国产业补贴对中国非国有企业、距离技术前沿较远的企业以及处于低技术行业的企业负面冲击较大,并且美国产业补贴不利于中国非出口企业的资本深化。本文有关外循环条件变化对内循环为主企业即中国非出口企业的作用及其机制的研究,为中国“以国内循环为主,国内国际双循环相互促进”格局的构建提供了一定的微观基础和证据。The negative international spillover effects caused by non-tariff restrictive trade barriers are becoming the source of increasing trade tensions and conflicts among countries.Because of the characteristics of concealment and lack of effective international institutional constraints,subsidy measures are increasingly widely used in the world as trade protection measures.In recent years,the number of trade disputes related to subsidies has increased sharply.Subsidies are becoming the main source of trade disputes,and their role is increasingly strengthened.According to Global Trade Alert(GTA) data,subsidies are the world’s most frequent trade intervention measures since 2009,and the United States has become the largest user of industrial subsidies outside the European Union.With the intensification of the new round of industrial competition in various countries,it can be predicted that the use intensity of industrial subsidies in various countries will continue to increase,becoming the most disruptive trade protection measures to trade liberalization,and will also carry a stronger function of industrial policy.Therefore,the international economic and trade impact of industrial subsidies is worth a thorough and systematic study.This paper finds that the industries subsidized by the United States are highly matched with the products China exported to U.S.by descriptive statistics using the data from 2009-2020,indicating that U.S.industrial subsidies have a general negative impact on China’s export products.This paper reveals the significant negative impact of U.S.industrial subsidies on the productivity of Chinese non-exporters and the mechanism behind it is discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:First,U.S.industrial subsidies lead to the decline of labor productivity and total factor productivity of Chinese non-exporters.Second,U.S.industrial subsidies cause Chinese exporters to shift their exports to domestic market,which then squeeze domestic market and worsen the competitive environment in China.On the

关 键 词：产业补贴 出口 内销 非出口企业 生产率 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]