吉林省布病门诊主动就医人群布病防控知识知信行现况及健康教育需求分析  

Analysis on brucellosis prevention and control knowledge and health education demand among brucellosis outpatient patients in Jilin Province

作　　者：王赢[1] WANG Ying(China Center for Disease Control and Preuention and Base for Plague and Brucellosis Conlrol and Prevention Baicheng,Jilin 137000 China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心鼠疫布氏菌病预防控制基地,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2022年第2期95-100,共6页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：吉林省卫生健康委科技创新自筹经费项目(2019ZC039)。

摘　　要：目的了解布病患者布病防控知识知信行现状及健康教育需求情况,为调整和完善布病综合防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的防控知识知晓及健康教育需求现状调查问卷对就诊人群开展问卷调查。结果共发放问卷268份,有效问卷263份。263个被调查者中,认为动物、接触患病动物不会感染布病和接触患者会感染布病的分别占3.42%、1.60%和11.03%,不知道的分别占25.10%、9.04%和53.99%;了解吸入污染环境尘埃(21.67%)、接触畜用疫苗(20.91)等途径可被感染的较少;知晓寒战、头痛、肝脾肿大、淋巴结肿大、睾丸肿大等症状的较少(8.75%~30.04%);认为布病治疗后不会复发、没有布病疫苗、已感染的羊不需要接种疫苗和买卖羊不需要检疫的分别占7.22%、33.08%、19.19%和1.90%,不知道的分别占42.21%、29.28%、33.33%和10.65%。被调查者防控知识知晓率为58.58%,年龄、性别、文化程度及职业间差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.87、9.44、34.83、9.39,P均<0.05)。与羊接触时从不穿工作服和不戴手套、口罩、帽子的分别占83.59%和41.54%、61.03%、84.62%;使用过的防护用具用清水处理和不作处理的分别占49.32和50.68%;羊掉羔选择丢弃、卖出、喂狗或其他动物的分别占85.19%、18.52%和12.35%;50.62%的人不对处理羊掉羔场所进行消毒;78.57%的人在手有破口时直接接触羊。接触羊时采取防护措施的占32.31%,年龄、性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.75、12.32,P均<0.05);文化程度、职业间差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.48、2.81,P均>0.05)。健康教育需求调查结果显示,开展健康教育的场所,选择村委会的占比最高(53.47%);开展宣传工作的人员,选择疾控部门医生的占比最多(61.63%);获取知识的方式,选择大众传播的占比最高(70.20%);获取知识途径占比较高的有广播电视、义诊、讲座、网络平台(36.33%~43.27%)等;开展宣传的内容,想了解如Objective To understand the situation of brucellosis control knowledge and health education needs,and to provide a scientific basis for improving the prevention strategy.Methods A self designed questionnaire was used in the investigation.Results A total of 268 questionnaires but 263 were valid were distributed.The 3.42%,1.60%and 11.03%believed animals,affected animals and patients contacting could get brucella infection respectively.The unknown accounted for 25.10%,9.04%and 53.99%,respectively.The 21.67%and 20.91%believed contaminated environmental dust inhalation and livestock vaccines exposure can be infected.Less aware of chills,headache,hepatosplenomegaly,lymph node enlargement,testicular enlargement and other symptoms(8.75%to 30.04%).Those believing that brucellosis will not relapse after treatment,no brucellosis vaccine,infected sheep do not need vaccination,and trading sheep do not need quarantine accounted for 7.22%,33.08%,19.19%and 1.90%,respectively.The unknown accounted for 42.21%,29.28%,33.33%,and 10.65%,respectively.The awareness rate of prevention and control knowledge was 58.58%,and the differences in age,gender,education and occupations were significant(χ^(2)=51.87,9.44,34.83,9.39,and all P were less than 0.05).In contact with sheep,the 83.59%,41.54%,61.03%and 84.62%never wear work clothes,gloves and caps.The 49.32 and 50.68%of the used protective appliances were treated with water and not treated,respectively.Lambs were discarded,sold and feed to dogs or other animals accounted for 85.19%,18.52%and 12.35%respectively.50.62%of the people did not disinfect the places where lambs were aborted;78.57%of the people contacted with sheep directly and 32.31%of them took protective measures.There was statistical significance between age and gender(χ^(2)=29.75,12.32,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in education level among occupations(χ^(2)=4.48、2.81,P>0.05).The results of health education demand survey showed that the village committee was the most popular place for health education(53.47%)

关 键 词：布鲁菌病 主动就医 知信行 健康教育 

分 类 号：R516.7[医药卫生—内科学]