中国西南洪水神话中的老鹰救助故事来源探析  

An Analysis of the Origin of the Eagle Rescue Story in the Flood Myth in Southwest China

作　　者：胡琳 Hu Lin

机构地区：[1]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所

出　　处：《艺术与民俗》2022年第2期64-70,共7页Journal of Arts and Folklore

摘　　要：中国洪水神话是由多种母题组成的复合型神话,在文本演变过程中,“老鹰救助洪水遗民,遗民回报老鹰”的故事被融入其中。通过分析11个含有老鹰救助故事的中国西南洪水神话文本,文章认为该故事类型具有多个母题来源。老鹰救助故事与彝族洪水神话中的竹草救助母题具有结构和功能上的一致性,并在彝族洪水神话中存在过渡性文本,竹草救助母题是老鹰救助故事的母题来源之一。此外,老鹰救助故事受佛经故事“尸毗救鸽”和民间游戏“老鹰捉小鸡”影响,出现了老鹰吃人肉、老鹰吃小鸡情节,是该故事类型的另一重要母题来源。The flood myth in China is a composite myth composed of several prototypical motifs.The story of an eagle helped the flood survivors,and the survivors repaid the eagle" was integrated into the flood myth during the latter’s evolution.By analyzing eleven texts of the flood myth in southwest China that contain the eagle rescue stories,this article suggests that this story type has multiple motif sources.The eagle rescue story has structural and functional similarities to the bamboo and grass rescue story in the flood myth of the Yi people.Besides,there is a transitional version of the flood myth of the Yi people.Therefore,the bamboo and grass rescue motif is one source of the eagle rescue story.In addition,the eagle rescue motif was influenced by the Buddhist jataka "King Shipi Saving a Dove" and the folk game "Eagle Catches Chick",which is evidenced by plots of an eagle eating human or chicken.The Buddhist jataka and the folk game are two other major sources of the eagle rescue story.

关 键 词：洪水神话 老鹰救助故事 竹草救助母题 

分 类 号：I276.3[文学—中国文学]