工程堆积体典型生态修复措施对土壤侵蚀水动力过程的影响  

Effects of typical ecological restoration measures for engineering accumulation on sediment yield and hydrodynamic process

作　　者：周涛[1,2] 苏正安 刘刚才[1] 王俊杰[1,2] 刘翊涵[1,3] 伍佐 王丽娟 Zhou Tao;Su Zheng’an;Liu Gangcai;Wang Junjie;Liu Yihan;Wu Zuo;Wang Lijuan(Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geography and Resources Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610100,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,中国科学院山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院,成都610100 [4]四川农业大学水利水电学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第9期91-100,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0307);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0500,2018SZDZX0034)。

摘　　要：为探究龙门山断裂带工程堆积体典型生态修复措施下土壤侵蚀产沙和水动力的时间变化特征,并筛选出水土保持效益最佳的生态修复措施,该研究以成兰铁路杨家坪隧道2号横洞弃渣场为研究对象,选取该区典型的生态修复植物(苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia))和生态修复材料(羊粪、PVAc(聚醋酸乙烯酯,Polyvinyl Acetate))进行交互搭配,利用模拟放水冲刷试验,研究不同生态修复措施下工程堆积体坡面的径流含沙量和水动力学参数(径流流态、径流流速、径流阻力系数和径流功率等)的变化。结果表明:1)试验条件下,工程堆积体坡面径流含沙量随冲刷时间的增加呈前期波动变化,后期逐渐稳定的趋势;径流流态始终处于紊流状态,径流流速、径流功率随冲刷时间的增加呈逐渐增加—趋于稳定的趋势,径流阻力系数则呈逐渐减小-趋于稳定的趋势;2)各生态修复措施在放水冲刷试验初始阶段的减沙效应最大,且苜蓿、燕麦、燕麦+PVAc和刺槐+苜蓿+羊粪处理能够显著增加径流阻力系数,降低径流流速和径流功率(P≤0.05);3)在工程堆积体生态修复1~2 a后,草本层的水土保持效果最优,乔木的保土效应难以得到有效体现,羊粪和PVAc等的添加并不能发挥有效的增幅效果。该研究区工程堆积体在生态修复初期宜采用黄壤+紫苜蓿、黄壤+燕麦的修复措施。This study aims to explore the temporal variations in the sediment yield and hydraulic characteristics during soil erosion on steep slopes of engineering accumulation in the Longmenshan fault belt under different measures of typical ecological restoration. The optimal ecological restoration measures were utilized for the soil and water conservation on engineering accumulation. The steep slopes were selected in the engineering accumulation for the No.2 cross-tunnel area of the Yangjiaping tunnel of the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway in western China. The ecological measures were constructed using the ecological restoration plants(Medicago sativa, Avena sativa, Robinia pseudoacacia) and ecological restoration materials(sheep manure and PVAc(Polyvinyl Acetate)). The scouring tests were conducted with a flow discharge of 60 L/min, in order to investigate the temporal variations in the soil sediment concentration and hydraulic characteristics(runoff regime, flow velocity, Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient, and runoff power) on the steep slopes of engineering accumulation under different restoration measures. It was found that the soil sediment concentration showed a clear initial dynamic stage, followed by a relatively stable stage after a period of adjustment. The time-averaged steady-state concentration of soil sediment were 15.57, 4.51, 9.84, 1.09, 4.37, 2.55, 2.07, 9.84, 15.93, 6.91, 6.28, 7.06, and 6.39 g/L in treatments with the control(CK),Medicago sativa + sheep manure(MM), Medicago sativa + PVAc(MP), Medicago sativa(M), Avena sativa + sheep manure(AM), Avena sativa + PVAc(AP), Avena sativa(A), Robinia pseudoacacia + Medicago sativa + sheep manure(RMM),Robinia pseudoacacia + Medicago sativa + PVAc(RMP), Robinia pseudoacacia + Medicago sativa(RM), Robinia pseudoacacia + Avena sativa + sheep manure(RAM), Robinia pseudoacacia + Avena sativa + PVAc(RAP), Robinia pseudoacacia + Avena sativa(RA), respectively. There were increasing trends in the temporal variations of runoff velocity and runoff power at the initial sta

关 键 词：侵蚀 径流 修复 工程堆积体 川西生态屏障区 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]