基于竞赛状态焦虑下急性正念训练对篮球罚球命中率的影响  

Effectiveness of Brief Mindfulness Training on Free-Throw Percentage of Basketball Players with Competitive State Anxiety

作　　者：陈正杰 廖子彦 麦郑子丰 Chen Zhengjie;Liao Ziyan;Mai Zhengzifeng(Graduate School of Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州体育学院研究生院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2022年第7期89-92,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：目的:基于竞赛状态焦虑下,探究急性正念训练对运动员篮球罚球命中率、罚球质量以及心理状态的影响。方法:采用随机抽样的方法将符合实验条件的32名被试者按照罚篮命中率随机分配到实验组(n=16)和对照组(n=16),模拟高、低两种竞技状态焦虑情境,分别对两组被试者进行两次干预和测试。结果:通过协方差分析,急性正念训练对高焦虑状态下,运动员的罚球命中率虽未与组别产生统计学意义(p>0.05),但组间运动表现的差异属于中等效应量(x^(2)=3.24,p=0.07,φ=0.32)。实验组认知焦虑水平低于对照组(p=0.048),属于中等效应量(d=0.73);实验组躯体焦虑水平低于对照组(p=0.014),属于大效应量(d=0.94)。结论:急性正念训练能够对被试的心理状态产生影响,并有效降低其焦虑程度、预防“Choking”现象的产生。OBJECTIVE:This paper explores the effectiveness of brief mindfulness training on the free throw percentage(FT%),free throw quality and psychological state of basketball players with competitive state anxiety.METHODS:Using random sampling,32 subjects who meet the experimental conditions were randomly assigned to the experimental group(n=16)and the control group(n=16)based on FT%.Two interventions and tests were performed on each subject group in simulated scenarios of high and low competitive state anxiety.RESULTS:By covariance analysis,after brief mindfulness training of athletes in a high anxiety state,although the athletes’FT% did not have statistical significance(p>0.05)within each group,the intragroup difference of sport performance is a medium effect size(X^(2)=3.24,p=0.07,φ=0.32).The level of cognitive anxiety in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(p=0.048),which is a medium effect size(d=0.73);and the level of physical anxiety in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(p=0.014),which is a large effect size(d=0.94).CONCLUSIONS:Brief mindfulness training can effectively influence the psychological state of the subjects and reduce their anxiety to prevent the occurrence of"Choking"phenomenon.

关 键 词：竞赛状态焦虑 篮球 正念训练 罚球 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练]