我国香蕉园土壤肥力现状的整合分析  

Integrated Analysis of Soil Fertility Status in the Banana Orchards in China

作　　者：张江周 刘亚男[3] 高伟[4] 王蓓蓓[4] 阮云泽[4] ZHANG Jiangzhou;LIU Yanan;GAO Wei;WANG Beibei;RUAN Yunze(College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions,Ministry of Education,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences/Hainan Tropical Crops Nutrition Key Laboratory,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院/国际镁营养研究所,福建福州350002 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院/植物-土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室,北京100193 [3]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江524091 [4]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2022年第7期1401-1410,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32002133);国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFE0101100,No.2017YFD0202102)。

摘　　要：了解我国蕉园土壤肥力现状对明确土壤障碍因子,制定有效的消障措施和合理的养分管理方案具有重要指导意义。收集已公开发表有关蕉园土壤肥力的文献数据及结合实地调研测定的数据,建立土壤养分数据库,包括土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌和有效硼含量。参考第二次全国土壤普查养分分级指标,明确我国蕉园土壤养分现状,并分析海南、广东、广西、云南和福建香蕉种植区域土壤养分分布特征。我国蕉园土壤pH平均为5.3、有机质含量平均为14.9 g/kg、碱解氮含量平均为77.3 mg/kg、有效磷含量平均为96.0mg/kg、速效钾含量平均为227 mg/kg、交换性钙含量平均为1039mg/kg、交换性镁含量平均为102 mg/kg、有效铁含量平均为169 mg/kg、有效锰含量平均为41.8 mg/kg、有效铜含量平均为2.84 mg/kg、有效锌含量平均为4.82 mg/kg、有效硼含量平均为1.16 mg/kg。86.3%的蕉园土壤有机质处于潜在缺乏及以下水平,97.1%的蕉园土壤碱解氮处于中等以下水平,60.8%的蕉园土壤交换性镁处于潜在缺乏及以下水平,50%以上的蕉园土壤速效磷、有效钾和微量元素含量处于极高水平。不同省份蕉园土壤养分含量及有机质、大中量元素、有效锰和硼处于中等以下水平的蕉园存在差异。我国蕉园土壤综合肥力指数平均为0.71,福建蕉园土壤肥力综合指数为0.78,显著高于其他省份;广东(0.71)和云南(0.69)蕉园土壤综合肥力指数显著高于海南(0.62)和广西(0.61),不同省份13.3%~37.1%蕉园土壤综合肥力指数在中等以下水平。我国蕉园土壤有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、微量元素(除有效硼外)处于中等偏上水平,土壤pH偏低,有机质、交换性镁和有效硼处于中等或缺乏水平,成为蕉园土壤肥力潜在限制因子。因此,我国香蕉生产中,应重视有机肥、镁肥�The objective of this study was to investigate the soil fertility status and identify the limiting factors in the banana orchard of China.It can provide important references for putting forward effective management practices to eliminate soil constraint factors and reasonable nutrient management programs.The soil database was established from published studies and soil survey including soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K),exchangeable calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg),available iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),zinc(Zn)and boron(B).Referring to the second national soil survey and the classification index of soil nutrient,soil nutrients status of China and characteristics of different banana planting provinces(Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian and Yunnan)were analyzed.The average soil pH,organic matter,available N,P,K,exchangeable Ca,Mg,available Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B were 5.3,14.9 g/kg,77.3 mg/kg,96.0 mg/kg,227 mg/kg,1039 mg/kg,102 mg/kg,169 mg/kg,41.8 mg/kg,2.84 mg/kg,4.82 mg/kg and 1.16 mg/kg.The soil organic matter and exchangeable Mg belonging to the potential deficiency level or below was 86.3%and 60.8%,respectively.97.1%of soil available N was at the middle level or below.More than 50%soil available P,K and micro-nutrients belonged to very high class.Soil nutrient concentrations and the soil organic matter,macro-medium nutrients,available Mn and B belonging to medium or below class were different in different banana planting provinces.The average soil integrated fertility index(IFI)index of the banana orchard was 0.71 in China.IFI in Fujian was 0.78,which was significantly higher than that of other provinces.IFI of Guangdong(0.71)and Yunnan(0.69)was significantly higher than that of Hainan(0.62)and Guangxi(0.61).IFI below medium class in different provinces was 13.3%-37.1%.The soil available P,K,exchangeable Ca and micro-nutrients(expect available B)was at medium class or above.Soil pH was low,and soil organic matter,exchangeable Mg and available B were at the medium or deficient

关 键 词：香蕉 土壤肥力 养分含量分级 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]