Sex-specific participation in inter-group conflicts within a multilevel society:the first evidence at the individual level  

作　　者：Dapeng ZHAO Zhuoyue CHEN Baoguo LI Teresa ROMERO 

机构地区：[1]Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,China [2]College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an,China [3]Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,China [4]Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan [5]Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Chiyoda,Tokyo,Japan

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2013年第4期441-454,共14页整合动物学（英文版）

基　　金：funded by the Talent Introduction Fund of Tianjin Normal University(5RL115);the Natural Science Foundation of China(31130061,31200293);the Cosmo Oil Eco Card Fund of Japan(2005–2011);supported by JSPS Research Fellowships for Foreign Researchers(P10311).

摘　　要：Inter-group conflicts are common among many group-living animals and involve potentially complex motivations and interactions.Mammals living in multilevel societies offer a good opportunity to study inter-group conflicts.This study is the first to explore the function of sex-specific participation during inter-group conflicts within a multilevel society at the individual level.The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana)is an endangered seasonal breeding species living in a multilevel society.From Sep 2007 to May 2008 we recorded 290 inter-group conflicts of a free-ranging provisioned band of R.roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China to investigate the function of individual aggression during inter-group encounters.Our findings show that adult males were the main participants in inter-group conflicts,while females took part in them only occasionally.The male participation rate during the mating season,when adult females were estrous,was significantly higher than that during the non-mating season.Furthermore,males directed their aggression to other males,and directed more intense aggression towards bachelor males than towards other resident males.For both sexes,the participation rate as initiators was higher in the winter than that in the spring;and there was a significant positive correlation between group size and the participation rate as initiators.Our results suggest that inter-group aggression in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys is linked to both mate defense and resource defense.

关 键 词：inter-group conflict mate defense multilevel society resource defense Rhinopithecus roxellana 

分 类 号：O63[理学—高分子化学]