城市老年人中高强度体力活动时空规律的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity among Urban Elderly

作　　者：吴志建[1] 朱建勇[2] 王厚雷 刘路[3] 张帆[4] 王竹影[1] WU Zhijian;ZHU Jianyong;WANG Houlei;LIU Lu;ZHANG Fan;WANG Zhuying(School of Sport Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;Nanjing University of Posts And Telecommunications,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;Department of Physical Education,Yancheng Teachers College,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224002,China;School of Police Skills and Tactics,Nanjing Forest Police College,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京邮电大学,江苏南京210023 [3]盐城师范学院.体育学院,江苏盐城224002 [4]南京森林警察学院特警学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2022年第4期364-372,420,共10页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：教育部人文社科一般项目(19YJA890037);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目(2020SJZDA130)和一般项目(2022SJYB0249)。

摘　　要：目的:探究城市老年人户外中高强度体力活动(MVPA)的时空规律,并揭示不同类型MVPA的时空规律,为我国城市老年群体制定精准的体力活动促进政策提供参考依据。方法:基于2017年南京市老年人GPS活动轨迹和GT3+调查的第一手数据,采用时间地理学方法和地理信息系统技术分析户外时空规律。结果:工作日老年人户外MVPA高峰期主要集中3个区域,分别是(500 m,8∶00~10∶00)、(200 m,14∶00~15∶15)、(200 m,19∶00);休息日老年人户外活动时间弹性较大,空间更窄,并呈现部分碎片化热点。体育活动的MVPA基本符合随活动距离、活动时间增加而衰减的规律,活动时间集中在8∶00~11∶00、13∶00~17:00;而休闲MVPA空间较分散,其活动时间无明显规律。结论:老年人户外中高强度体力活动,在空间规律上呈现出“近家型”规律,在时间规律上呈现出“三峰”规律,在时空规律上呈现出高密度区,同时也存在随活动距离衰减规律。建议以老年人需求为导向通过“由下而上”的视角规划城市设施;遵循老年人活动规律,合理规划城市社区健身休闲场所以及时间管理,以满足城市老年人日益多样化的需求。Objective:To explore the spatial and temporal patterns of outdoor moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA)among urban elderly,and to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of different types of MVPA,so as to provide reference for the formulation of accurate physical activity promotion policies for urban elderly in China.Methods:Based on GPS activity track and GT3+survey data of the elderly in Nanjing in 2017,temporal geography and GIS visualization and kernel density analysis were used.Results:The peak of outdoor MVPA for the elderly on weekdays mainly concentrated in three areas,which were(500 m,8∶00-10∶00),(200 m,14∶00-15∶15)and(200 m,19∶00).The time elasticity of outdoor activities of the elderly on rest days is larger,the space is narrower,and some fragmentation hot spots are presented.The MVPA of physical activity basically conforms to the law of attenuation with the increase of activity distance and time,and the activity time is concentrated in 8∶00~11∶00,13∶00~17∶00.However,the leisure MVPA is scattered in space and its activity time is not obvious.Conclusion:The elderly’s outdoor moderate to vigorous physical activity presents the characteristics of“near home”in space,“three peaks”in time,and high-density area in time and space,and there is also the attenuation law of activity distance.It is suggested that urban facilities should be planned from the perspective of“bottom up”with the needs of the elderly as the guide,and fitness and leisure places in urban communities should be rationally planned in accordance with the activity rules of the elderly,so as to meet the increasingly diversified needs of the urban elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 中高强度体力活动 时空规律 GIS GPS GT3+ 

分 类 号：G804.34[文化科学—运动人体科学]