2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群大气污染及污染天气类型特征  

Characteristics of air pollution and its polluted weather types of urban agglomeration on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains from 2017 to 2019

作　　者：李淑婷 李霞[1,2] 毛列尼·阿依提看[1,2] 钟玉婷 王慧琴[1,2] LI Shuting;LI Xia;Mauren AYIKAN;ZHONG Yuting;WANG Huiqin(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;Field Scientific Experiment Base of Akdala Atmospheric Background,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Tree-Ring Ecology,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆树木年轮生态实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2022年第4期1082-1092,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2019004,Sqj2017013);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2020001);石河子冬季重污染天气预报研判科研及业务课题;国家自然科学基金(41575011)资助。

摘　　要：利用2017—2019年中天山北坡城市群(乌鲁木齐市、昌吉市、石河子市、五家渠市)逐时大气污染物监测数据及气象数据,分析了大气污染物年内变化和污染天气类型特征。结果表明:(1)中天山北坡4座城市6类大气污染物中PM_(2.5)超标日数最多(年均94~104 d),年均浓度介于64~73μg·m^(-3),且五家渠市>乌鲁木齐市>石河子市>昌吉市。采暖期PM_(2.5)浓度在100~118μg·m^(-3)之间,是非采暖期的4.00~5.00倍,靠近山前地带的城市PM_(2.5)浓度日变化大体呈现“双峰双谷型”。(2)4座城市污染天气类型主要分为静稳型、沙尘型和特殊型,其中静稳型占86.2%~93.6%、沙尘型占5.8%~13.2%。静稳型污染天气多出现在冬季,沙尘型主要出现在春、秋季节。静稳型污染天气中Ⅴ-Ⅵ级污染级别占比45.8%~56.6%,沙尘型污染天气中Ⅴ-Ⅵ级污染级别占比14.9%~29.4%。(3)静稳型和沙尘型污染天气下PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度都存在显著的线性相关,前者PM_(10)浓度是PM_(2.5)的1.26倍,而后者达3.16倍,此倍数可以作为区分静稳型和沙尘型污染天气的判据。The air pollution in urban agglomeration(Urumqi City,Changji City,Shihezi City,Wujiaqu City)on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,china is more serious than that in several eastern urban agglomerations.However,the characteristics of air pollution and corresponding polluted synoptic weathers on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains are poorly understood.Herein,the variation characteristics of air pollutants and polluted synoptic types were analyzed using the hourly air pollutant data and meteorological data of four cities on the north slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains collected from 2017 to 2019.Results showed that:(1)among the six pollutants,PM_(2.5) was the primary pollutant with the maximum number of days exceeding the second standard of particulate matter in China at nearly 1/3 days(94-104 days)in a whole year.The annual average concentrations of PM_(2.5) were ranked as follows:Wujiaqu City(73μg·m^(−3))>Urumqi City(71μg·m^(−3))>Shihezi City(65μg·m^(−3))>Changji City(64μg·m^(−3)).PM_(2.5) concentration during the heating period was between 100μg·m^(−3) and 118μg·m^(−3),which was 4.00-5.00 times higher than that during the nonheating period.The diurnal variation of PM_(2.5) concentration almost followed“bimodal distribution”for the three cities near the mountains but showed“unimodal distribution”for Wujiaqu City.(2)The polluted weather can be divided into three types:stagnant,dusty,and special.86.2%-93.6%of the study area belonged to stagnant pollution,whereas 5.8%-13.2%experienced dusty pollution.Stagnant pollution mostly occurred in winter,whereas dusty pollution primarily occurred in spring and autumn.Stagnant pollution level V-VI accounted for 45.8%-56.6%,and dusty pollution at the same level accounted for 14.9%-29.4%.(3)The correlation between the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) of these two pollution types was extremely high,and the PM_(10) to PM_(2.5) ratios were 1.26 and 3.16 for stagnant and dusty pollution,respectively.These values can be used

关 键 词：超标日 污染物浓度 污染天气类型 静稳型天气 沙尘型天气 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]