原料、炭化温度和生物质炭组分对小白菜生长的影响  

Effects of Feedstock,Pyrolyzing Temperature and Biochar Components on the Growth of Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：钟佳霖 许觜妍 张怡云 李婕 刘晓雨[1] 李恋卿[1] 潘根兴[1] ZHONG JiaLin;XU ZiYan;ZHANG YiYun;LI Jie;LIU XiaoYu;LI LianQing;PAN GenXing(Institute of Resource,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第14期2775-2785,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41501310);南京农业大学大学生创新创业训练项目(202013YX09);江苏高校品牌专业建设二期工程资助项目(农业资源与环境)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同原料、炭化温度和生物质炭不同组分对植物生长的影响,进而揭示生物质炭的增产机制。【方法】分别以木屑和玉米秸秆为原料,在350、450、550℃下裂解得到生物质炭。采用热水浸提法将生物质炭中的可溶性组分(浸提液)与难溶性组分(炭骨架)分离。通过盆栽试验,研究不同生物质炭及组分对小白菜生长的影响。【结果】添加玉米秸秆生物质炭及其各组分处理下,小白菜地上部生物量平均为16.1 g/盆,显著高于添加木屑生物质炭及其各组分(13.0 g/盆)和对照处理(13.5 g/盆)。与地上部生物量类似,添加玉米秸秆生物质炭及其各组分处理下小白菜根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数等形态学指标较木屑生物质炭和对照处理显著改善。添加炭骨架处理下小白菜地上部生物量平均为16.5 g/盆,较添加原状生物质炭和浸提液分别提高26.9%和17.9%。添加炭骨架处理下小白菜根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数较添加浸提液处理分别提高64.1%、51.1%、38.3%和80.0%。不同炭化温度裂解得到的生物质炭对小白菜地上部生物量和根系生长无显著影响。与添加原状生物质炭处理相比,添加炭骨架处理下小白菜地上部氮含量提高25.9%,而磷和钾含量分别降低39.7%和14.1%。添加玉米秸秆生物质炭及其各组分处理下土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较添加木屑生物质炭处理分别提高0.1个单位、20.3%、19.1%、29.1%和189.2%。与添加原状生物质炭相比,添加生物质炭骨架处理下土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别降低14.6%、6.6%、41.3%和55.1%,土壤pH升高0.13个单位;而添加生物质炭浸提液处理下土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量分别降低49.8%、18.9%和24.2%,土壤pH和速效钾含量无显著变化。相关分析表明,不同处理下小白菜地上部生物量与根长、表面积、平均直径、根体积�【Objective】The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of biochar feedstocks,pyrolyzing temperatures and biochar components on plant growth and to uncover the mechanism that how biochar increased crop yields.【Method】Six biochars were made from sawdust and maize stalk at pyrolyzing temperature of 350,450,and 550℃.Each biochar was then separated into two parts through hot water extraction method,including the water soluble biochar extract and the washed biochar residue.A pot trial was conducted to investigate the effects of untreated biochar(BC),biochar extract(BE)and washed biochar residue(WB)application on the growth of non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinesis).【Result】The aboveground biomass of Chinese cabbage under the addition of maize stalk biochars and their components was 16.1 g/pot on average,which was significantly higher than the values under sawdust biochars and their components(13.0 g/pot)amendment and the control(13.5 g/pot).Similarly,the root morphology index of root length,surface area,root volume and number of root tips under the addition of maize stalk biochars and their components improved greatly compared with sawdust biochar and the control.The aboveground biomass under the addition of washed biochar residues was 16.5 g/pot on average,which were 26.9%and 17.9%higher than the values under the addition of untreated biochar and the biochar extracts,respectively.The root length,surface area,root volume and number of root tips under washed biochar residues addition increased by 64.1%,51.1%,38.3%and 80.0%,respectively compared with biochar extracts addition.The biochars under different pyrolyzing temperature had no significant effect on the aboveground biomass and root growth of Chinese cabbage.Compared with the untreated biochar,the washed biochar residue addition increased the concentration of nitrogen(N)in aboveground biomass by 25.9%,while the concentration of phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)decreased by 39.7%and 14.1%,respectively.Soil pH,the conce

关 键 词：生物质炭浸提液 小白菜 产量 根系形态 作物增产机制 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]