低温弱光对不同品种辣椒幼苗生长和光合特性的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature and Reduced Light on Growth and Photosynthesis of Seedlings of Different Pepper Cultivars

作　　者：胡晨曦 李子恒 张云虹[1] 张林巧 祁建波 张瑛[1] 周如美[1] 张永泰[1] 张永吉[1,2] HU Chenxi;LI Ziheng;ZHANG Yunhong;ZHANG Linqiao;QI Jianbo;ZHANG Ying;ZHOU Rumei;ZHANG Yongtai;ZHANG Yongji(Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225007,China;Yangzhou Nongke Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,江苏扬州225007 [2]扬州农科农业发展有限公司,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第5期617-625,共9页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(20)3177];江苏省科技计划项目(BE2021330);江苏省蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2021]267);扬州市“绿扬金凤计划”优秀博士项目(2019年)。

摘　　要：【目的】为选育耐低温弱光的辣椒品种提供理论依据。【方法】以6个不同品种辣椒为材料,研究低温弱光[15℃/5℃(昼/夜),100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)]对其幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。【结果】与正常温光[25℃/15℃(昼/夜),300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)]相比较,低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株干重等生长指标,其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种,不同品种冷害指数表现为:扬椒5号<科技之光9号<苏椒5号<巨无霸5号<海花3号<茄门甜椒。同时,低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学光化学淬灭系数(qP),其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种,维持了叶片较强的光合能力和光能利用率。此外,低温弱光降低了不同品种辣椒幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,其中扬椒5号的降低幅度要小于其他品种,有利于维持叶片良好的光合特性。相关分析表明,低温弱光下P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、F_(v)/F_(m)、Φ_(PSII)、ETR和qP与冷害指数呈显著负相关,与植株干重呈显著正相关。【结论】低温弱光抑制了不同品种辣椒幼苗生长和光合特性,而扬椒5号能通过维持叶片较强的光合特性来缓解低温弱光对其生长的抑制,因此具有较强的耐性。【Objective】Resistance to low temperature and reduced light exposure of pepper plants were studied for breeding purpose.【Method】Seedlings of 6 pepper cultivars of different varieties were exposed to controlled day/night conditions of 25℃/15℃and 300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) as control or 15℃/5℃and 100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) for treatment.Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the seedlings cultivated under the conditions were monitored.【Result】Comparing to the seedlings grown under the normal 25℃/15℃and 300μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) conditions,those exposed to the reduced temperature and light showed reductions in plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,and plant dry weight.Of the various cultivars,Yangjiao No.5 was least affected by the treatment.The cold injury indices of the cultivars ranked as Yangjiao No.5n,Gs,Tr,Fv/Fm,Φ_(PPSII),ETR,and qP decreased by the treatment and were least affected on Yangjiao NO.5 among all cultivars.The reduced temperature and light exposure also induced reductions on the chlorophyll content in the plants.Of which,Yangjiao No.5 exhibited a higher resistance.There was a negative correlation between the Pn,Gs,Tr,Fv/Fm,Φ_(PSII),ETR,and qP and the cold injury index,but a positive one between them and the dry weight of the pepper seedlings when exposed to low temperature and reduced light.【Conclusion】Exposure to low temperature and reduced light hindered the growth and photosynthesis of the pepper seedlings of different varieties with variances.Among the 6 cultivars,Yangjiao No.5 appeared to withstand the adverse conditions better than the others and sustain a near normal growth.

关 键 词：低温弱光 辣椒 生长 光合特性 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]