殖民统治下的伪满洲国纸荒问题研究  

Newspaper Operation under Colonial Rule:Paper Shortage in Puppet Manchukuo and its Countermeasures

作　　者：虞文俊[1] 黄萃 YU Wen-jun;HUANG Cui

机构地区：[1]扬州大学新闻与传媒学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学广陵学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《新闻大学》2022年第4期57-71,121,共16页Journalism Research

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大招标项目“近代以来至二战结束期间日本涉华宣传史料的整理与研究”(20&ZD237);2018年度扬州大学“高端人才支持计划”;江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“近代中日《出版法》比较研究(1869—1949)”(2018SJA2226)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：抗日战争爆发后,伪满洲国继日本之后也出现了白报纸短缺的问题,并随着时间的推移而形成纸荒。这既是一个供给不畅与贸易受阻导致的经济问题,更是日本资源掠夺与殖民统治导致的一个政治问题。在日本与伪满当局的认知中,纸荒对报业的威胁既不利于伪满的“国家安全”,也不利于伪满的“文化普及”。伪满当局在日本的政治遥控下采取应对措施,如免除白报纸关税、建设白报纸工厂、寻求跨地区合作、颁布统制法令、成立统制机构、强推用纸节减等。然而直至日本战败投降,伪满纸荒问题一直未曾得到有效解决,最终将其报业推向破产边缘。伪满报业作为殖民政治附属品的特性,在纸荒问题中体现得淋漓尽致。After the War of Resistance Against Japan broke out,the"Manchukuo"had a shortage of newspapers after Japan,which resulted in a"paper shortage"with the passage of time.This was not only an economic problem caused by insufficient supply and demand as well as trade obstruction,but also a political problem aroused by resource plunder from Japan and colonial rule.In the cognition of Japan and the Puppet Manchukuo authorities,the threat of paper shortage to the newspaper industry was not conducive to the"national security"of the Puppet Manchukuo,nor was it advantageous to its"cultural popularization".Under the political control of Japan,the Manchukuo authorities had no choice but to take countermeasures,such as exempting the import tax of newspapers,building factories for newspapers,seeking trans-regional cooperation,issuing control laws,seting up control institutions and reducing paper consumption by force.However,until the surrender of Japan,the problem of"paper shortage"remained unsolved,which finally pushed the newspaper industry which was originally forced to make business adjustments to the brink of bankruptcy.As an accessory of colonial politics,the newspaper operation of the puppet Manchukuo was fully reflected in the problem of paper shortage.

关 键 词：日本 伪满洲国 纸荒 报业运作 

分 类 号：G210.9[文化科学—新闻学]