施用粒肥对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of grain fertilizer application on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization

作　　者：孙文星 田伟 肖峰 高叶敏 敖和军[1] SUN Wen-xing;TIAN Wei;XIAO Feng;GAO Ye-min;AO He-jun(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第13期31-36,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系栽培与土肥岗位专家项目(CARS-01)

摘　　要：为探明粒肥对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用率的影响,选用早稻株两优819和陆两优996,晚稻湘晚籼13号和玉针香为材料,设置5个施氮水平(CK不施肥、F1施粒肥、F2不施粒肥、F3齐穗期施粒肥、F4灌浆期施粒肥),分析各处理间水稻产量、产量构成以及氮素吸收利用率。结果表明,在基蘖穗肥基础上增施粒肥和单独施用粒肥均有一定增产效果,其中施粒肥(F1)平均增产24.84%,齐穗期单独施用粒肥平均增产9.95%,灌浆期单独施用粒肥平均增产5.06%。施用粒肥在提高水稻每穗粒数的前提下协调千粒重和结实率以达到高产,且增施粒肥后增产效应可高达8.22%。增施粒肥对维持水稻生长后期氮素吸收利用率和氮素积累量等方面有较好的效果。水稻栽培过程中齐穗期适当地增施粒肥可以促进水稻每穗粒数的增加和氮素吸收利用进而实现水稻高产。To investigate the effects of grain fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,the early rice Zhu⁃liangyou 819 and Luliangyou 996,the late rice Xiangwanxian 13 and Yuzhenxiang were used as materials,and five nitrogen applica⁃tion levels(CK no fertilizer,F1 grain fertilizer,F2 no grain fertilizer,F3 grain fertilizer at full heading stage,F4 grain fertilizer at grain filling stage)were set to analyze rice yield,yield composition,and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency among different treatments.The results showed that on the basis of basal tillering and panicle fertilizer adding grain fertilizer or applying grain fertilizer alone had certain effect of increasing yield,in which the average yield of grain fertilizer(F1)increased by 24.84%.The average yield increase was 9.95%and 5.06%grain fertilizer was applied alone at full heading stage and grain filling stage,respectively.The applica⁃tion of grain fertilizer achieved high yield by coordinating 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate on the premise of increasing grain number per panicle of rice,and the effect of grain fertilizer on yield increase could be as high as 8.22%.Increasing grain fertilizer ap⁃plication had a better effect on maintaining nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency and nitrogen accumulation in the late growth period of rice.In the process of rice cultivation,increasing grain fertilizer at full heading stage can promote the increase of grain num⁃ber per panicle and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen to achieve a high yield of rice.

关 键 词：粒肥 产量 氮素运筹 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]