恢复年限对高寒中间锦鸡儿群落组成和多样性的影响  

Chronosequence influences plant composition and diversity of Caragana intermedia plantations in an alpine sandy area

作　　者：古琛 贾志清[2,3,4] 何凌仙子 李清雪 高娅[2] 张佳鹏 王陇 GU Chen;JIA Zhiqing;HE Lingxianzi;LI Qingxue;GAO Ya;ZHANG Jiapeng;WANG Long(School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,Inner Mongolia,China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Qinghai Gonghe Desert Ecosystem Research Station,Gonghe 813005,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [3]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091 [4]青海共和荒漠生态系统定位观测研究站,青海共和813005

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第7期1303-1311,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院林业研究所林木培育重点实验室专项资金“生态脆弱区典型人工林水养碳作用机制研究”(ZDRIF201903);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新发展与研究项目“典型区域退化草原生态修复技术研究”(2021132007)。

摘　　要：以青海省共和盆地中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)固沙林为研究对象,调查了恢复7年、恢复9年、恢复12年、恢复16年、恢复20年、恢复34年和流动沙丘(CK)7块样地中间锦鸡儿固沙林草本植物的多度,以探究随着恢复年限的增加,物种组成、功能群和植物多样性的变化,以期为高寒沙地的治理和生态恢复提供科学依据。结果表明:1)随着恢复年限的增加,中间锦鸡儿固沙林植物的物种和功能群逐渐增多,CK样地的物种只有藜科一、二年生植物,恢复7~12年样地出现了多年生根茎禾草,恢复16~20年样地又新增了禾本科、十字花科和菊科的一、二年生植物以及菊科的杂类草,恢复34年样地在16~20年的基础上出现了多年生丛生禾草。2)一、二年生植物在不同恢复年限群落中都占据明显优势,且其多度与群落多度变化趋势一致,随着恢复年限的增加先增大后降低(恢复16年样地最大),多年生禾草的多度在恢复7~16年相对稳定、恢复20年和34年达到最大,杂类草在恢复12年前未出现,在恢复34年时最高。3)植物群落的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均随着恢复年限的增加而增大,但均匀度指数随着恢复年限的增加而减小。在当前的恢复年限中,一、二年生植物在中间锦鸡儿固沙林中仍占据明显优势,多样性指数均未产生阈值,说明植物群落及多样性仍有进一步恢复的潜力。Caragana intermedia plantations in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province were taken as the research objects,and herbaceous abundance was investigated at seven sites:7-yr restoration,9-yr restoration,12-yr restoration,16-yr restoration,20-yr restoration,34-yr restoration,and mobile sand dunes(CK).Our objectives were to untangle the dynamics of species composition,functional groups,and plant diversity during the restoration process and to provide a scientific basis for desertification control and ecological restoration of alpine sandy areas.The results showed that 1)the number of herbaceous species increased during the restoration process.Species composition comprised two annuals and biennials(AB)of Chenopodiaceae in CK;a perennial rhizome grass that emerged in 7-yr to 12-yr restorations;AB of Compositae,Poaceae,and Cruciferae,and a newly appeared forb of Compositae in 16-yr and 20-yr restorations;and the presence of two additional perennial bunchgrasses in 34-yr restorations.2)AB were dominant in each chronosequence,with abundance dynamics being the same as community abundance;both increased and were the highest in the 16-yr restoration and then decreased as the restoration process progressed.The abundance of perennial grasses was constant in 7-yr to 16-yr restorations,and was the highest in 20-yr and 34-yr restorations.Forbs were absent in sites younger than 12-yr,whereas their abundance was the highest in the 34-yr restoration.3)The species richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Simpson index of the plant community increased,but the evenness index decreased during the restoration process.AB remained dominant in each chronosequence and the diversity indices did not exhibit a threshold,indicating that the plant community and diversity still have the potential for further recovery.

关 键 词：高寒沙区 植被恢复 多度 植物多样性 功能群 

分 类 号：S793.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]