扁蓄二型性种子休眠及萌发特性  

Dormancy and germination characteristics of the dimorphic seeds of Polygonum aviculare

作　　者：秦启娟 严佳玥 魏岩[1] QIN Qijuan;YAN Jiayue;WEI Yan(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology/College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第7期1405-1411,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560113)。

摘　　要：扁蓄(Polygonum aviculare)为蓼科一年生草本、园林草坪绿化的优良地被植物。本研究对扁蓄种子形态特征进行观察,并在5℃/15℃、10℃/20℃、15℃/25℃、20℃/30℃、25℃/35℃(黑暗12 h/光照12 h)5个变温周期下进行种子萌发试验。结果表明:1)同一植株上产生两种在形状、大小、颜色上存在着明显差异的扁蓄果实,一种为黄褐色狭卵形,有光泽,长3.15 mm,千粒重1.77 g;另一种为黑褐色卵形,无光泽,长1.91 mm,千粒重1.33 g。2)黄褐色种子在5个变温条件下的萌发率都大于80%,萌发率高,萌发速度快,而黑褐色种子萌发率低,萌发缓慢,最终萌发率小于50%,存在休眠现象。3)划破种皮及低温层积处理能显著提高黑褐色种子的萌发率,表明黑褐色种子处于非深度生理休眠状态。通过研究扁蓄种子异型性及其萌发行为,为开发利用这一地被植物资源提供了基础资料。Polygonum aviculare is an annual herb that can be planted as an excellent ground cover plant for garden and lawn greening.In this study,we observed and compared the morphological characteristics of P.aviculare seeds,and conducted seed germination experiments under five different thermoperiods of 5℃/15℃,10℃/20℃,15℃/25℃,20℃/30℃,and 25℃/35℃(dark12 h/light 12 h).The following results were obtained.1)P.aviculare produced two types of fruits on the same plant that differ markedly in shape,size,and color.One is a shiny tawny colored seed of narrow ovate shape,with a length of 3.15 mm and thousand-grain weight of 1.77 g,whereas the other is a dull dark brown color,ovate in shape,with a length of 1.91 mm and a thousand-grain weight of 1.33 g.2)Under each of the five temperature regimes,the percentage germination of the tawny seeds was greater than 80%,which is high.Contrastingly,the germination rate of the dark brown seeds was low,with a final percentage germination of 50%.These latter seeds are thus considered to show a dormancy phenomenon.3)The germination rate of dark brown seeds could,however,be significantly increased by scarification of the covering layers(pericarp and seed coat)and cold stratification,thereby indicating that these seeds were not in a state of deep physiological dormancy.Further research on seed polymorphism and germination behavior in P.aviculare may provide basic data for the development and utilization of this ground cover plant resource.

关 键 词：扁蓄 种子异型性 种子萌发 休眠 温度 低温层积 划破种皮 

分 类 号：S688.4[农业科学—观赏园艺]