河西制种玉米病害发生及农牧结合绿色防控技术  

Disease occurrence and environment-friendly disease control with crop–livestock integration in seed-corn production in the Hexi Corridor

作　　者：刘忠元[1] 张文解 贺春贵[1] 何瑞 魏生龙[3] 郭莹[1] 白斌[1] LIU Zhongyuan;ZHANG Wenjie;HE Chungui;HE Rui;WEI Shenglong;GUO Ying;BAI Bin(Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省植保植检站,甘肃兰州730030 [3]河西学院农业与生物工程学院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第7期1441-1451,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA146)。

摘　　要：近年来河西制种玉米(Zea mays)生产连茬种植和高水肥栽培,导致病原富集、病害发生种类增加、危害加重,且以土传和种传病害为主。本文分析了病害的发生特点、原因及存在的问题,根据多年调研结果,参考相关研究报道和制种基地建设实际,提出农牧结合绿色防控途径:1)玉米种业与草牧业融合发展,制种田增施腐熟有机肥,增加拮抗微生物,培育健康土壤。2)果穗适期早收,秸秆青贮饲料化高效利用,降低病残体田间遗留,阻断病菌侵染链条。实施去雄收获等制种关键环节机械化,节本增效,减少人工操作传病机率。3)推广膜下滴灌与水肥一体化配套技术,节水节肥,遏制病害传播蔓延。4)加快高标准制种农田建设,深翻灭菌,轮作倒茬,改善土壤性状,加强耕作栽培,削减连作障碍。通过综合治理,有效防控制种玉米病害,促进河西玉米种业与草牧业绿色、健康、可持续发展。Recently,continuous cropping and cultivation using water and excessive chemical fertilizers have led to several issues,such as increases in the number of disease-causing pathogens in the fields and in disease types,causing serious harm to corn seed production in the Hexi Corridor.We analyzed the characteristics responsible for their occurrence,the causes and problems of these diseases,summarized previous research,and investigated the construction of seed corn production base in the Hexi Corridor.In addition,an environmentally friendly approach to control diseases in seed production in maize was proposed by combining agriculture and animal feeding in several ways:1)The integrated development of seed corn production and herbivore feeding provides organic fertilizer sources,increases the application of decomposed organic fertilizers in the field,and can also increase antagonistic microorganisms,thereby reducing the application of chemical fertilizers,and cultivation of healthy soil.2)The corn can be harvested earlier and the livestock silage can also be used efficiently,which reduces the amount of residues left in the field and prevents the infection due to bacteria.In the key steps of seed production,such as detasseling and harvesting,mechanization and straw recovery silage can be implemented to save cost and improve efficiency,thereby reducing the spread of germs due to field farming operations.3)During the growing period of corn,the integrated supporting technology of water and fertilizers should be widely promoted to save water and fertilizers under the film drip irrigation,thereby improving the microclimate of farmland,and reducing the spread and occurrence of these diseases.4)To accelerate the construction of high-standard seed production farmlands,proper deep ploughing and sterilization,crop rotation and stubble rotation,improved soil properties and farming conditions,and reduced continuous cropping obstacles are required.In addition,to strengthen the prevention of farming and cultivation by promoting the sus

关 键 词：制种玉米 秸秆饲料化 种业与草牧业结合 水肥一体化 高标准农田 河西走廊 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]