论公私法分离的“二元”环境侵权惩罚性赔偿  

On“Dual”Environmental Tort Punitive Damages with the Separation of Public and Private Laws

作　　者：邢鸿飞[1] 曾丽渲 Xing Hongfei;Zeng Lixuan

机构地区：[1]河海大学,南京211100

出　　处：《学海》2022年第4期60-69,125,共11页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：囿于环境侵权行为在法益指向上的二元性,将惩罚性赔偿突破性地植入环境侵权领域,不仅引发了司法适用上的分歧,亦冲击了私法体系的内在逻辑。在本体论层面,惩罚性赔偿应当是以私法运行机制实现惩罚与威慑之公法目的的复合型制度。但在教义学视域下,民法的私法本位决定了侵权责任编所构建的是救济私主体环境权益受损的传统型惩罚性赔偿。因此,不宜将其适用范围扩大为对生态环境公益的救济。针对生态环境侵权惩罚性赔偿适用逻辑紊乱的现实情境,构建公私法分离的“二元”惩罚性赔偿体系应当是实现制度兼容的合理路径。与此相适应,在司法适用规则层面,应构建“差异化”的司法适用机制,以避免司法实践对惩罚性赔偿的误读。Constrained by the duality of legal interests in environmental torts,the breakthrough of embedding punitive damages into the field of environmental tort has not only caused differences in judicial application,but also impacted the internal logic of the private law system.On the ontological level,punitive damages should be a compound system that realizes the public law purpose of punishment and deterrence through the operation mechanism of private law.However,from the perspective of dogmatics,the civil law stance of private law determines that the content of Tort Liability Section is traditional punitive damages to relieve the damage to the environmental interests of private entities.Therefore,it is inappropriate to expand its scope of application to relief for the public welfare of the ecological environment.Considering the fact that the application of punitive damages for ecological and environmental torts is logically disordered,building a“dual”punitive damages system that separates public and private laws should be a reasonable path to achieve system compatibility.Correspondingly,at the level of judicial application rules,a“differentiated”judicial application mechanism should be constructed to avoid misinterpretation of punitive damages in judicial practice.

关 键 词：民法典 环境公共利益 惩罚性赔偿 公法私法化 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]